Table 4 Results of direct, indirect, and total effects of GTI on EEE under ER in the short-term.
Weight | \({\mathrm{W}}_{a}\) | \({\mathrm{W}}_{b}\) | \({\mathrm{W}}_{c}\) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Effect | Direct | Indirect | Total | Direct | Indirect | Total | Direct | Indirect | Total |
\(\mathrm{lnGTI}\) | 0.0089 (1.60) | − 0.0219*** (− 4.11) | − 0.0130** (− 2.02) | 0.0045 (0.88) | − 0.0786*** (− 3.83) | − 0.0741*** (− 3.62) | − 0.0013 (− 0.24) | − 0.0106 (− 0.99) | − 0.0119 (− 1.03) |
\(\mathrm{lnGTI}2\) | 0.0016*** (3.58) | 0.0000 (0.19) | 0.0016*** (3.52) | 0.0010*** (2.60) | − 0.0003* (− 1.82) | 0.0007** (2.39) | 0.0008 (1.61) | − 0.0001 (− 1.10) | 0.0007 (1.61) |
\(\mathrm{lnER}\) | − 0.0104*** (− 2.75) | 0.0230*** (3.11) | 0.0126* (1.84) | − 0.0087** (− 2.41) | 0.0479*** (2.92) | 0.0392** (2.49) | − 0.0053 (− 1.47) | − 0.0057 (− 0.52) | − 0.0110 (− 0.93) |
\(\mathrm{lnGTI}\)*\(\mathrm{lnER}\) | − 0.0000 (− 0.17) | 0.0014*** (5.78) | 0.0014*** (5.23) | 0.0000 (0.28) | 0.0021*** (2.76) | 0.0022*** (2.87) | 0.0003* (1.81) | 0.0005 (1.07) | 0.0008 (1.49) |
\(\mathrm{lnControls}\) | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||
Province/Year | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||
Spatial rho | 0.0080 (0.11) | 0.4498** (2.29) | 0.1548* (1.78) | ||||||
sigma2_e | 0.0003*** (15.51) | 0.0003*** (15.73) | 0.0004*** (15.64) | ||||||
R-squared | 0.974 | 0.933 | 0.961 | ||||||
Observations | 420 | 420 | 420 | ||||||
