Figure 2 | Scientific Reports

Figure 2

From: Dietary seaweed (Saccharina latissima) supplementation in pigs induces localized immunomodulatory effects and minor gut microbiota changes during intestinal helminth infection

Figure 2

Gut microbiota diversity of pigs in Study 2. Upper panel: Box plot of α-diversity based on (A) observed features and (B) Shannon index of gut microbiota from proximal colon of groups of pigs (n = 8) in Study 2: control group (UC), fermented Saccharina latissima supplementation (USL), Oesphagostomum dentatum and Ascaris suum infection (IC), or O. dentatum and A. suum infection combined with S. latissima supplementation (ISL). The horizontal line in each box shows the median value. The lower and upper boundaries of boxes are the 25th and 75th quartiles, respectively. The significance of difference was assessed by pairwise Wilcoxon rank-sum test with Benjamini–Hochberg method (*P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001). Lower panel: Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) plots based on Bray–Curtis (C) and Jaccard (D) distances for beta diversity. Each point on PCoA plots shows the sample, which was coloured and shaped by Fer-SL diet and parasite infection, respectively. The percentage in parenthesis is the percentage variation captured by first and second PCoA axes. Ellipses represent 95% confidence interval. (E) Statistical pairwise group comparisons for beta diversity using permutation MANOVAs on a distance matrix with Holm adjustment method. P value < 0.05 was considered as significant.

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