Table 4 Relative expression and significance (P-value) of genes influenced by diet, infection or their interaction in porcine jejunal tissue from groups of pigs (n = 8): control group (UC), Oesphagostomum dentatum and Ascaris suum infection (IC), fermented Saccharina latissima supplementation (USL), or O. dentatum and A. suum infection combined with fermented S. latissima supplementation (ISL) in Study 2. * indicates p ≤ 0.05, # indicates a trend of effect where p ≤ 0.1.

From: Dietary seaweed (Saccharina latissima) supplementation in pigs induces localized immunomodulatory effects and minor gut microbiota changes during intestinal helminth infection

Immune function

Immune gene

Relative expression

Significance (P value)

UC

IC

USL

ISL

Diet

Infection

Interaction

Th1

IL12A

4.0

4.6

3.3

2.9

*0.03

  

IL15

3.3

3.8

3.4

4.2

 

0.14

 

IL18

2.7

1.9

2.7

2.4

 

*0.05

 

TNF

10.8

18.1

13.3

9.6

  

#0.08

TLR

6.6

6.5

5.3

4.5

0.14

  

TLR8

3.5

4.0

2.7

2.6

#0.09

  

INOS

19.9

8.9

13.8

6.6

 

#0.07

 

STAT4

1.8

2.0

1.9

1.6

  

0.14

PTGS2

4.5

4.1

3.0

2.7

*0.03

  

ICAM2

1.6

2.0

1.6

1.6

0.14

 

0.11

CXCL9

2.7

4.8

4.0

3.5

  

*0.04

CXCL10

2.3

3.8

3.3

3.2

  

*0.05

CCR1

6.3

8.8

7.7

4.2

  

0.13

Th2

IL4

2.5

4.1

3.3

3.2

 

0.14

 

IL5

2.0

2.4

2.1

1.7

  

0.12

IL13

7.6

28.6

6.0

15.1

 

*0.009

 

IL33

2.6

5.3

2.8

2.5

  

0.12

CXCR4

6.4

6.4

4.5

5.2

0.12

  

CCL22

29.4

13.9

21.0

10.0

 

*0.03

 

CCL26

2.9

3.9

2.7

3.8

 

#0.06

 

Th17

STAT3

5.4

3.3

3.6

2.6

 

0.15

 

T-reg

IL10

1.6

2.0

1.6

1.9

 

#0.06

 

CCL19

3.0

1.9

2.9

2.3

 

0.14

 

Mucosal barrier function

IL4R

10.4

10.1

8.2

6.5

0.11

  

RETNLB

1.5

2.7

1.8

3.6

 

*0.002

 

TFF2

2.4

1.9

2.5

2.1

 

#0.09

 

TFF3

2.6

1.9

2.4

2.3

 

0.13

 

Innate

NFKB2

3.7

3.3

4.0

3.0

 

0.11

 

Lipid metabolism

PPARG

2.8

2.2

3.2

1.9

 

*0.03

 
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