Table 2 Demographic information and clinical variables at time of pre-test evaluation.
Variable | Entire sample (N = 76) | Diagnosed within 2 years (n = 48) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MIG (n = 36) | CG (n = 40) | χ2/t | MIG (n = 28) | CG (n = 20) | χ2/t | |
n (%) [Mean ± SD] | n (%) [Mean ± SD] | n (%) [Mean ± SD] | n (%) [Mean ± SD] | |||
Age (years) | [73.22 ± 7.54] | [76.83 ± 8.33] | 1.97 | [73.75 ± 7.52] | [77.35 ± 9.66] | 1.45 |
Educational level | 0.89 | 0.20 | ||||
< Elementary school | 15 (41.7) | 21 (52.5) | 13 (45.4) | 8 (40.0) | ||
≥ Junior high school | 21 (58.3) | 19 (47.5) | 15 (53.6) | 12 (60.0) | ||
Marital status | –a | –a | ||||
Married/cohabitating | 30 (83.3) | 36 (90.0) | 22 (78.6) | 19 (95.0) | ||
Divorced/widowed | 6 (16.7) | 4 (10.0) | 6 (21.4) | 1 (5.0) | ||
Religious beliefs | 1.26 | –a | ||||
No | 8 (22.2) | 5 (12.5) | 8 (28.6) | 3 (15.0) | ||
Yes | 28 (77.8) | 35 (87.5) | 20 (71.4) | 17 (85.0) | ||
Occupational status | 6.12* | –a** | ||||
No | 27 (75.0) | 38 (95.0) | 20 (71.4) | 20 (100.0) | ||
Yes | 9 (25.0) | 2 (5.0) | 8 (28.6) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Annual household income | 4.11* | –a | ||||
< NT$500,000 | 30 (83.3) | 25 (62.5) | 23 (82.1) | 16 (80.0) | ||
≥ NT$500,000 | 6 (16.7) | 15 (37.5) | 5 (17.9) | 4 (20.0) | ||
Residential status | 3.28 | 4.61 | ||||
Other residential status | 9 (25.0) | 6 (15.0) | 9 (32.1) | 2 (10.0) | ||
Live with partner only | 5 (13.9) | 12 (30.0) | 5 (17.9) | 8 (40.0) | ||
Live with partner and children with/without grandchildren | 22 (61.1) | 22 (55.0) | 14 (50.0) | 10 (50.0) | ||
Body mass index | 0.65 | 0.29 | ||||
18.5–24 (Normal) | 13 (36.1) | 11 (27.5) | 9 (32.1) | 5 (25.0) | ||
< 18.5 (Abnormal) | 23 (63.9) | 29 (72.5) | 19 (67.9) | 15 (75.0) | ||
Perceived health status | [70.17 ± 11.66] | [71.88 ± 14.84] | 0.55 | [68.79 ± 12.27] | [68.50 ± 14.70] | − 0.07 |
Time since diagnosis (months) | [16.34 ± 22.15] | [47.58 ± 51.44] | 3.50** | [6.66 ± 6.50] | [9.35 ± 8.10] | 1.27 |
Recent concentration of serum PSA | [84.18 ± 245.39] | [23.49 ± 73.78] | 1.43 | [108.08 ± 274.58] | [24.17 ± 44.81] | − 1.59 |
Cancer stage | 0.28 | 0.01 | ||||
Stage I–III | 8 (22.2) | 11 (27.5) | 8 (28.6) | 6 (30.0) | ||
Stage IV | 28 (77.8) | 29 (72.5) | 20 (71.4) | 14 (70.0) | ||
History of past illness | –a | 0.04 | ||||
No | 5 (13.9) | 4 (10.0) | 5 (17.9) | 4 (20.0) | ||
Yes | 31 (86.1) | 36 (90.0) | 23 (82.1) | 16 (80.0) | ||
Types of hormone therapy | 6.08 | 1.51 | ||||
Orchiectomy | 0 (0.0) | 2 (5.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.0) | ||
Medical castration (injection only) | 16 (44.4) | 17 (42.5) | 15 (53.6) | 11 (55.0) | ||
Medical castration (injection and oral) | 20 (55.6) | 17 (42.5) | 13 (46.4) | 8 (40.0) | ||
Orchiectomy + medical castration | 0 (0.0) | 4 (10.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Positive thinking | [67.17 ± 7.07] | [67.23 ± 7.42] | 0.03 | [66.36 ± 7.59] | [66.35 ± 7.53] | < − 0.01 |
General QOL | [79.86 ± 13.95] | [79.18 ± 15.42] | − 0.20 | [76.6.79 ± 12.82] | [78.50 ± 11.75] | 0.47 |
Prostate cancer-specific QOL | [116.39 ± 18.44] | [115.00 ± 20.92] | − 0.31 | [112.21 ± 17.36] | [113.55 ± 16.87] | 0.27 |
Hormone symptoms and distress | [85.67 ± 14.48] | [84.66 ± 15.45] | − 0.29 | [84.17 ± 14.83] | [86.82 ± 12.87] | 0.64 |
Social support | [34.69 ± 8.20] | [35.43 ± 9.56] | 0.36 | [34.50 ± 7.97] | [36.10 ± 8.04] | 0.68 |
Self-efficacy | [29.44 ± 5.84] | [29.90 ± 5.32] | 0.36 | [28.21 ± 5.19] | [30.70 ± 5.08] | 1.65 |