Figure 1
Fear extinction in response to environment where rats were previously socially-defeated. (A) Experimental design for the testing paradigm. (B) Extinction testing protocol to assess freezing when the rat was placed in an empty-resident cage where social defeat had previously occurred 24 h, 48 h or 11 days earlier. (C) Latencies to social defeat showing splits expressed by animals tested in this experiment. (D–F). Bar graphs showing percent total freezing over the course of the 8 min testing trial over the 3 testing days and results of Tukey’s post hoc tests on significant one-way ANOVAs. (G–I), Repeated measures analyses of freezing responses separated into 1 min bins, with time as the repeated measure. At days 8 and 9, there were interaction effects, with post hoc tests revealing differences between passive coping, active coping, and/or control rats at several time points. I. On day 20, there was a main effect of group, as shown by an asterisk indicating that passive coping rats had high freezing relative to active coping and control rats. Post hoc significance symbols: Passive vs control = a, passive vs active = b, active vs non-stressed control = c. * p < 0.05 for main effect shown in I. Control n = 8, passive n = 7, active n = 6.
