Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients with NIDCM between Non-thrombosis and thrombosis groups.

From: Development and validation of a risk model for intracardiac thrombosis in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: a retrospective study

Variables

Total (n = 564)

Non-thrombosis (n = 497)

Thrombosis (n = 67)

Z/χ2

P value

General information

 Gender, n (%)

1.03

0.31

  Female

124 (22.0)

113 (22.7)

11 (16.4)

  

  Male

440 (78.0)

384 (77.3)

56 (83.6)

  

 Age of onset, n (%)

9.65

0.008

  < 45 years

170 (30.1)

139 (28)

31 (46.3)

  

  45–65 years

314 (55.7)

284 (57.1)

30 (44.8)

  

  ≥ 65 years

80 (14.2)

74 (14.9)

6 (9)

  

 Medical history, n (%)

1.40

0.496

  < 1 year

273 (48.7)

238 (48.2)

35 (52.2)

  

  1–5 years

183 (32.6)

160 (32.4)

23 (34.3)

  

  ≥ 5 years

105 (18.7)

96 (19.4)

9 (13.4)

  

 Smoking history, n (%)

0

1

  No

295 (52.3)

260 (52.3)

35 (52.2)

  

  Yes

269 (47.7)

237 (47.7)

32 (47.8)

  

 Drinking history, n (%)

0.24

0.627

  No

300 (53.2)

262 (52.7)

38 (56.7)

  

  Yes

264 (46.8)

235 (47.3)

29 (43.3)

  

 Hypertension, n (%)

0.26

0.611

  No

463 (82.1)

406 (81.7)

57 (85.1)

  

  Yes

101 (17.9)

91 (18.3)

10 (14.9)

  

 Pulmonary hypertension, n (%)

0.003

0.958

  No

191 (33.9)

169 (34)

22 (32.8)

  

  Yes

373 (66.1)

328 (66)

45 (67.2)

  

 Atrial fibrillation, n (%)

0

1

  No

454 (80.5)

400 (80.5)

54 (80.6)

  

  Yes

110 (19.5)

97 (19.5)

13 (19.4)

  

 History of stroke, n (%)

6.85

0.009

  No

509 (90.2)

455 (91.5)

54 (80.6)

  

  Yes

55 ( 9.8)

42 (8.5)

13 (19.4)

  

 Diabetes, n (%)

0.01

0.913

  No

473 (83.9)

416 (83.7)

57 (85.1)

  

  Yes

91 (16.1)

81 (16.3)

10 (14.9)

  

 Grade of heart failure (NYHA), n (%)

0.156

Fisher

  I

20 ( 3.5)

17 (3.4)

3 (4.5)

  

  II

98 (17.4)

92 (18.5)

6 (9)

  

  III

214 (37.9)

189 (38)

25 (37.3)

  

  IV

232 (41.1)

199 (40)

33 (49.3)

  

Physical examination

 Body mass index (kg/m2)

23.0 (20.5, 25.2)

23.0 (20.4, 25.2)

22.9 (20.9, 25.1)

0.04

0.835

 Heart rate (times/min)

89.0 (77.0, 102.0)

89.0 (77.0, 101.0)

93.0 (77.0, 105.5)

1.08

0.298

 Systolic pressure (mmHg)

112.0 (102.0, 128.0)

114.0 (102.0, 129.0)

110.0 (103.5, 120.5)

2.87

0.091

 Diastolic pressure (mmHg)

75.0 (66.0, 86.0)

75.0 (66.0, 86.0)

76.0 (68.0, 87.5)

0.56

0.454

 Pulse pressure

  Measurement data (mmHg)

37.0 (29.8, 49.0)

38.0 (30.0, 50.0)

33.0 (27.5, 39.0)

9.70

0.002

  Count data (%)

18.75

 < 0.001

   < 40 mmHg

320 (56.7)

265 (53.3)

55 (82.1)

  

   ≥ 40 mmHg

244 (43.3)

232 (46.7)

12 (17.9)

  

Blood biochemical

 NT-proBNP

  Measurement data (pg/mL)

3998(1987, 8325)

3743 (1798, 8285)

6336 (3452, 9132)

11.04

 < 0.001

  Count data (%)

15.38

 < 0.001

   < 1800 pg/mL

127 (22.5)

125 (25.2)

2 (3)

  

   ≥ 1800 pg/mL

437 (77.5)

372 (74.8)

65 (97)

  

 hs-CRP (%)

11.33

 < 0.001

  < 1 mg/L

118 (20.9)

115 (23.1)

3 (4.5)

  

  ≥ 1 mg/L

446 (79.1)

382 (76.9)

64 (95.5)

  

 WBC

  Measurement data (× 109/L)

7.5 (6.2, 9.1)

7.3 (6.1, 9.0)

8.1 (7.2, 10.4)

11.73

 < 0.001

  Count data (%)

11.84

 < 0.001

   < 10 × 109/L

467 (82.8)

422 (84.9)

45 (67.2)

  

   ≥ 10 × 109/L

97 (17.2)

75 (15.1)

22 (32.8)

  

 RBC (× 1012/L)

4.7 (4.3, 5.1)

4.7 (4.3, 5.1)

4.9 (4.6, 5.3)

3.47

0.062

 HB (g/L)

136.0 (125.0, 148.0)

135.0 (125.0, 147.0)

141.0 (131.5, 155.5)

8.94

0.003

 Platelet (× 109/L)

197.5 (162.8, 250.0)

201.0 (163.0, 250.0)

186.0 (154.0, 226.0)

2.51

0.113

 NEU%

0.6 ± 0.1

0.6 ± 0.1

0.7 ± 0.1

5.26

0.022

 NLR

2.6 (1.8, 4.0)

2.6 (1.8, 3.9)

3.3 (1.8, 4.7)

2.61

0.106

 RDWCV

0.2 (0.1, 0.2)

0.2 (0.1, 0.2)

0.2 (0.1, 0.2)

6.14

0.013

 Hematocrit

  Measurement data

0.4 (0.4, 0.5)

0.4 (0.4, 0.5)

0.4 (0.4, 0.5)

5.11

0.024

  Count data (%)

Fisher

 < 0.001

   < 0.4

192 (34.0)

179 (36)

13 (19.4)

  

   0.4–0.5

342 (60.6)

300 (60.4)

42 (62.7)

  

   ≥ 0.5

30 ( 5.3)

18 (3.6)

12 (17.9)

  

 APTT(s)

32.0 (30.2, 33.8)

32.0 (30.3, 33.7)

32.0 (29.6, 34.4)

0.002

0.968

 FIB (g/L)

3.8 (3.0, 4.1)

3.8 (3.0, 4.0)

3.5 (2.7, 4.3)

0.25

0.618

 TT (s)

12.0 (11.3, 12.5)

12.0 (11.3, 12.5)

12.0 (11.4, 12.8)

0.29

0.59

 D-dimer (%)

33.01

 < 0.001

  Negative (< 450 ng/mL)

315 (55.9)

300 (60.4)

15 (22.4)

  

  Positive (≥ 450 ng/mL)

249 (44.1)

197 (39.6)

52 (77.6)

  

 CK (U/L)

91.0 (61.0, 147.0)

88.0 (61.0, 145.0)

110.0 (72.5, 154.5)

2.69

0.101

 CK-MB (U/L)

15.0 (11.0, 21.0)

15.0 (11.0, 20.0)

18.0 (11.0, 26.0)

5.56

0.018

 LDH (U/L)

261.0 (207.0, 327.5)

252.0 (203.0, 318.0)

299.0 (253.0, 387.5)

21.20

 < 0.001

 LD1 (U/L)

71.0 (55.0, 95.2)

70.0 (54.0, 91.0)

87.0 (70.5, 113.5)

20.76

 < 0.001

 α-HBD (U/L)

191.0 (148.0, 230.0)

185.0 (146.0, 226.0)

212.0 (183.5, 276.5)

23.21

 < 0.001

 TC (mmol/L)

4.2 (3.5, 4.9)

4.2 (3.5, 4.9)

3.9 (3.4, 5.0)

0.17

0.677

 TG (mmol/L)

1.0 (0.8, 1.4)

1.1 (0.8, 1.4)

1.0 (0.9, 1.3)

0.65

0.42

 HDL (mmol/L)

1.0 (0.8, 1.2)

1.0 (0.8, 1.2)

0.9 (0.7, 1.1)

1.79

0.182

 LDL (mmol/L)

2.6 (2.0, 3.2)

2.6 (2.0, 3.2)

2.7 (2.1, 3.1)

0.08

0.784

 Hcy (μmol/L)

15.2 (11.9, 18.3)

15.2 (11.9, 18.1)

15.6 (12.6, 19.2)

1.49

0.222

 K+ (mmol/L)

4.0 (3.7, 4.3)

4.0 (3.7, 4.3)

4.1 (3.7, 4.5)

1.39

0.239

 Na+ (mmol/L)

139.0 (136.0, 141.0)

139.0 (136.0, 142.0)

138.0 (134.5, 140.0)

7.77

0.005

 Cl− (mmol/L)

102.0 (99.0, 106.0)

103.0 (99.0, 106.0)

102.0 (98.0, 104.0)

4.22

0.04

 ALB (g/L)

38.2 (35.2, 41.2)

38.3 (35.3, 41.4)

37.4 (33.6, 39.3)

5.08

0.024

 GLOB (g/L)

26.2 (23.0, 30.0)

26.2 (23.1, 30.2)

25.0 (22.6, 28.1)

1.80

0.18

 A/G

1.5 (1.3, 1.7)

1.5 (1.3, 1.7)

1.4 (1.2, 1.7)

0.35

0.555

 AST (U/L)

32.0 (23.0, 47.0)

31.0 (23.0, 46.0)

44.0 (31.0, 55.5)

15.05

 < 0.001

 ALT (U/L)

31.0 (19.0, 55.0)

30.0 (18.0, 51.0)

40.0 (27.0, 82.5)

15.02

 < 0.001

 UREA (mmol/L)

7.1 (5.4, 9.1)

7.1 (5.4, 9.0)

7.3 (5.8, 9.6)

0.70

0.401

 Creatinine (μmol/L)

93.5 (79.0, 114.0)

93.0 (79.0, 113.0)

99.0 (81.5, 117.5)

1.78

0.183

 CysC (mg/L)

1.1 (0.8, 1.3)

1.1 (0.8, 1.3)

1.1 (0.9, 1.4)

0.08

0.772

 UA (μmol/L)

495.0 (391.0, 630.0)

485.0 (389.0, 609.0)

604.0 (405.5, 702.0)

8.61

0.003

Echocardiographic

 LAD (mm)

46.0 (41.0, 51.0)

46.0 (42.0, 50.0)

46.0 (41.0, 51.5)

0.001

0.973

 LVDd (mm)

69.0 (64.0, 75.0)

69.0 (64.0, 75.0)

70.0 (63.0, 76.0)

0.004

0.951

 LVDs (mm)

58.0 (53.0, 63.0)

58.0 (53.0, 63.0)

58.0 (54.0, 64.5)

0.54

0.464

 LVFS (%)

16.0 (13.0, 19.0)

16.0 (13.0, 19.0)

15.0 (11.0, 17.5)

5.32

0.021

 LVEF (%)

33.0 (26.0, 39.0)

33.0 (27.0, 39.0)

30.0 (23.5, 36.0)

4.74

0.03

 SV (mL/B)

80.0 (61.0, 98.0)

80.0 (62.0, 98.0)

80.0 (54.0, 97.5)

0.88

0.349

 CO (L/min)

7.1 (5.2, 8.9)

7.1 (5.3, 8.8)

7.2 (4.8, 9.2)

0.002

0.965

  1. α-HBD alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, ALB albumin, A/G ALB/GLOB, APTT activated partial thromboplastin time, CK creatine kinase, CK-MB creatine kinase-MB, CysC cystatin c, CO cardiac output, FIB fibrinogen, GLOB globulin, hs-CRP high-sensitivity c-reactive protein, HDL high density lipoprotein, HB hemoglobin, Hcy homocysteine, LDH lactic dehydrogenase, LD1 lactic dehydrogenase-1, LDL low-density lipoprotein, LVT left ventricular thrombosis, LAD left atrium anteroposterior dimension, LVDd left ventricular end diastolic dimension, LVDs left ventricular end systolic dimension, LVFS left ventricular fractional shortening, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, NT-proBNP N terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide, NLR neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, NEU% percentage of neutrophils, RDWCV red blood cell volume distribution width, RBC red blood cell count, SV stroke volume, TC total cholesterol, TG triglycerides, TT thrombin time, VIFs variance inflation factors, WBC white blood cell count.
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