Figure 2

Resistance, recovery, and resilience indices for ring widths and basal area increments of Larix kaempferi and Quercus acutissima at sites that were either defoliated or not defoliated during the gypsy moth defoliation event of 2020. Different lowercase letters indicated the significant differences at the 0.05 level tested by two-way analysis of variance or Kruskal–Wallis test. Abbreviations: EW, earlywood width; LW, latewood width; TW, tree-ring width; BAI, basal area increment.