Table 2 Relationship between lesion size and risk of difficult ESD in different models.

From: Lesion size affects the risk of technical difficulty in gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection

Exposure

Mode I (OR, 95% CI, P)

Mode II (OR, 95% CI, P)

Mode III (OR, 95% CI, P)

E-value

Lesion size, mm (per 1 increment)

1.09 (1.05, 1.12), < 0.001

1.07 (1.04, 1.11), < 0.001

1.08 (1.04, 1.13), 0.000

1.37

Lesion size, mm (per 3 increment)

1.28 (1.17, 1.41), < 0.001

1.23 (1.12, 1.36), < 0.001

1.26 (1.20, 1.81), 0.000

1.83

Lesion size, mm (per 5 increment)

1.52 (1.30, 1.77), < 0.001

1.42 (1.21, 1.66), < 0.001

1.42(1.22, 1.66), 0.000

2.19

Lesion size, mm (per 7 increment)

1.79 (1.45, 2.22), < 0.001

1.63 (1.31, 2.04), < 0.001

1.72 (1.29, 2.30), 0.000

2.83

Lesion size, mm (per SD increment)

2.39 (1.74, 3.28), < 0.001

2.08 (1.49, 2.90), < 0.001

2.25 (1.46, 3.46), 0.000

3.93

Lesion size (tertiles)

  T1 (4–15 mm)

Ref

Ref

Ref

1.00

  T2 (15–25 mm)

4.39 (0.92, 21.06), 0.064

3.67 (0.74, 18.17), 0.111

5.21 (0.92, 29.53), 0.062

9.89

  T3 (25–70 mm)

2.85 (0.52, 15.47), 0.226

1.60 (0.27, 9.31), 0.602

2.05 (0.29, 15.29), 0.484

3.52

P for trend

 < 0.001

0.010

0.014

 
  1. Model I adjusted for age and gender. Model II adjusted for Model I + lesion of flat type (gross type), upper third (lesion location), erythema, ulcer, nodularity, submucosal fibrosis, lesion from submucosa or muscularis propria (invasion depth). Model III adjusted for Model I + location (upper, middle, and lower), gross type (elevated, flat, and depressed), surface configuration (erythema, ulcer, and nodularity), submucosal fibrosis (no and yes), and invasion depth (mucosa and non-mucosa). E-value provides an estimate of the required effect size needed for an unmeasured confounder of Model III. T1, T2, and T3 are categorical variables for lesion size, which were transformed from continuous variables with clinical tertiles as cut-off points and used in sensitivity analyses to detect the likelihood of non-linearity.
  2. ESD endoscopic submucosal dissection. SD standard deviation.
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