Figure 6

Percentage of cumulative (mean ± SE) honeybee larvae mortality (n = 27/treatment) (a) and percentage of chalkbrood disease inhibition (mean ± SE) (n = 9/treatment) after A. apis 1.2 spores treated with argon plasma by liquid phase and plasma activated water (PAW) and nystatin for 7 days. Different letters indicate statistically significant differences (ANOVA, Tukey-HSD; p < 0.05 and Kruskal–Wallis test, Steel–Dwass posthoc test; p < 0.05). Comparisons were made between treatment at each time interval.