Scientific Reports

Table 2 The mycelial growth of A. apis 1B and A. apis 1.2 after argon plasma treatment for 8 days of incubation (n = 3/treatment).

From: Atmospheric non-thermal plasma inactivation of Ascosphaera apis, the causative agent of chalkbrood disease in honeybee

Fungal strain	Treatment	Mycelium growth* (mm)
Fungal strain	Treatment	Day 1	Day 2	Day 3	Day 4	Day 5	Day 6	Day 7	Day 8
A. apis 1B	Ar 0.25 Lpm/3 min	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a
	Ar 0.25 Lpm/5 min	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a
	Ar 0.50 Lpm/3 min	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a
	Ar 0.50 Lpm/5 min	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a
	Control	57.73 ± 13.66^b	64.07 ± 10.47^b	69.58 ± 7.78^b	73.85 ± 5.68^b	78.28 ± 3.50^b	85.00 ± 0.00^b	85.00 ± 0.00^b	85.00 ± 0.00^b
A. apis 1.2	Ar 0.25 Lpm/3 min	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a
	Ar 0.25 Lpm/5 min	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a
	Ar 0.50 Lpm/3 min	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a
	Ar 0.50 Lpm/5 min	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a
	Control	35.65 ± 0.30^b	53.47 ± 0.68^b	69.45 ± 0.76^b	79.47 ± 0.69^b	85.00 ± 0.00^b	85.00 ± 0.00^b	85.00 ± 0.00^b	85.00 ± 0.00^b

*Different letters indicate significant difference among treatment groups (Kruskal–Wallis test, Steel–Dwass posthoc; p < 0.05).

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