Figure 3

Forest plot for predictors of impaired GLS (≥ − 18%). Backward stepwise logistic regression analysis showing independent predictors of impaired GLS. Both the presence of high risks of developing PAD and HFpEF remained statistically significant associated with impaired GLS in model. Green, statistically significant; yellow, statistically non-significant. GLS, global longitudinal strain; MI, myocardial infarction; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LV mass, left ventricle mass; HEpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; PAD, peripheral artery disease.