Table 2 The Associations among PAD, HFpEF and Cardiac Structure/Function.

From: Preclinical systolic dysfunction relating to ankle-brachial index among high-risk PAD population with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction

 

All

(n = 2130)

Non-PAD, Non-HFpEF (n = 1633)

PAD, Non-HFpEF (n = 170)

Non-PAD, HFpEF (n = 245)

PAD, HFpEF (n = 82)

P value

LV mass index (g/m2)

85.86 ± 22.64

83.82 ± 21.27

87.57 ± 23.79

94.55 ± 26.77*†

94.93 ± 23.82*

 < 0.001

Relative wall thickness

0.43 ± 0.074

0.43 ± 0.073

0.44 ± 0.073

0.44 ± 0.077*

0.46 ± 0.081*

 < 0.001

LA diameter (mm)

33.14 ± 6.23

32.64 ± 6.18

33.32 ± 6.25

35.23 ± 5.29*†

36.57 ± 7.50*†

 < 0.001

LVEF (%)

64.71 ± 6.63

65.09 ± 6.51

64.23 ± 6.64

62.99 ± 6.70*

63.11 ± 7.79*

 < 0.001

IVRT (ms)

85.35 ± 22.69

85.10 ± 22.81

84.23 ± 23.75

88.33 ± 20.82

83.48 ± 22.87

0.147

DT (ms)

226.18 ± 64.57

223.84 ± 57.30

228.84 ± 67.16

238.10 ± 89.04*

231.34 ± 97.33

0.010

Septal e′ (cm/s)

6.27 ± 2.08

6.49 ± 2.05

5.97 ± 2.25*

5.43 ± 1.77*

5.16 ± 2.00*†

 < 0.001

Lateral e′ (cm/s)

8.02 ± 2.71

8.25 ± 2.67

7.73 ± 2.93

7.08 ± 2.56*

6.83 ± 2.61*

 < 0.001

E/e′

10.59 ± 4.82

9.92 ± 3.83

11.07 ± 5.10*

13.07 ± 7.28*†

15.81 ± 6.83*†‡

 < 0.001

GLS (%) (n = 2106)

− 18.71 ± 2.97

− 19.07 ± 2.74

− 18.31 ± 2.98*

− 17.53 ± 3.44*†

− 16.03 ± 3.40*†‡

 < 0.001

GCS (%) (n = 2022)

− 20.15 ± 4.86

− 20.38 ± 4.80

− 19.75 ± 5.30

− 19.43 ± 4.63*

− 18.27 ± 5.32*

 < 0.001

  1. LV mass index, left ventricle mass index; LA diameter, left atrial diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; IVRT, isovolumetric relaxation time; DT, deceleration time; GLS, global longitudinal strain; GCS, global circumferential strain.
  2. *P < 0.05 compared to Group 1, †P < 0.05 compared to Group 2, ‡P < 0.05 compared to Group 3.
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