Table 1 Patient characteristics.

Pre-injury

 Age, mean (SD)

0

49 (21)

42 (19)

0.12

48 (20)

47 (29)

0.79

 Sex female, N (%)

0

35 (27)

8 (28)

0.91

32 (27)

7 (26)

0.89

 Relevant drug treatement^a, N (%)

0

8 (7)

2 (7)

0.98

8 (7)

1 (4)

0.38

 ASA pre-injury, median [IQR]

2

2 [1, 2]

2 [1–3]

0.08

2 [1, 2]

2 [1–3]

0.24

Prehospital

 Intubated before ED arrival, N (%)

15

44 (33)

7 (24)

0.25

37 (31)

9 (33)

0.67

 BATT score, mean (SD)

6

11 (4)

13 (5)

0.03

11 (4)

11 (4)

0.31

ED

 SBP, mean (SD)

0

82 (20)

69 (29)

 < 0.01

81 (21)

79 (20)

0.58

 Lactate, mean (SD)

–

6 (5)

9 (6)

 < 0.01

6 (4)

7 (5)

0.11

 BE, mean (SD)

–

− 12 (8)

− 15 (8)

0.06

− 12 (9)

− 12 (7)

0.62

 GCS, mean (SD)

2

8 (5)

8 (6)

0.80

8 (5)

7 (7)

0.09

 MGAP score, mean (SD)

2

15 (6)

15 (8)

0.84

15 (6)

15 (9)

0.59

 Shock Index, mean (SD)

9

1.3 (0.5)

1.4 (0.5)

0.30

1.3 (0.5)

1.3 (0.5)

0.96

 Time from ED arrival to CT (min), median [IQR]

0

32.5 [25–47]

–

–

33.5 [24–49]

–

–

Trauma characteristics

 ISS, mean (SD)

0

27 (16)

27 (16)

0.96

25 (15)

24 (17)

0.87

 Penetrating, N (%)

0

11 (8)

7 (24)

0.01

11 (9)

8 (28)

 < 0.001

 AIS Head ≥ 3, N (%)

0

49 (37)

7 (24)

0.18

36 (30)

13 (48)

0.01

Standard ED imaging

 FAST pos., N (%)

14

23 (17)

13 (45)

0.001

22 (19)

7 (28)

0.10

 Chest x- ray pos., N (%)

1

47 (36)

12 (41)

0.56

39 (33)

8 (29)

0.52

 Pelvic x-ray pos., N (%)

1

25 (19)

12 (41)

0.01

25 (21)

8 (29)

0.15

Treatment

 Surgery, N (%)

0

54 (41)

20 (69)

0.01

49 (42)

18 (68)

 < 0.001

 Angio-embol., N (%)

0

13 (10)

2 (7)

0.62

13 (11)

1 (2)

0.01

 Conservative, N (%)

0

65 (49)

7 (24)

0.01

56 (47)

8 (29)

0.004

 ICU admission, N (%)

0

92 (70)

16 (55)

0.13

79 (67)

16 (58)

0.17