Table 2 Baseline demographics of participants with and without hypertension.
From: Temporal elevation of blood pressure is associated with increased risk of sudden cardiac arrest
Hypertension in 2009 | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | ||
2,014,901 | 786,252 | ||
Male | 1,150,029 (57.1%) | 451,155 (57.4%) | < 0.001 |
Age (year) | 45.3 ± 12.3 | 58.0 ± 12.3 | < 0.001 |
Age group | < 0.001 | ||
20–29 | 188,938 (9.4%) | 7933 (1.0%) | |
30–39 | 509,387 (25.3%) | 53,231 (6.8%) | |
40–49 | 584,809 (29.0%) | 125,332 (15.9%) | |
50–59 | 454,717 (22.6%) | 225,815 (28.7%) | |
60–69 | 194,226 (9.6%) | 211,236 (26.9%) | |
70–79 | 74,646 (3.7%) | 141,730 (18.0%) | |
80– | 8,178 (0.4%) | 20,975 (2.7%) | |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.4 ± 3.0 | 25.0 ± 3.2 | < 0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 79.2 ± 8.7 | 84.4 ± 8.5 | < 0.001 |
Smoking | < 0.001 | ||
Never-smoker | 1,162,688 (57.7%) | 471,633 (60.0%) | |
Ex-smoker | 320,649 (15.9%) | 160,060 (20.4%) | |
Current-smoker | 531,564 (26.4%) | 154,559 (19.7%) | |
Alcohol consumption | < 0.001 | ||
Non-drinker | 979,572 (48.6%) | 439,033 (55.8%) | |
Mild-drinker | 897,378 (44.5%) | 281,874 (35.9%) | |
Heavy-drinker | 137,951 (6.9%) | 65,345 (8.3%) | |
Regular exercise | 395,870 (19.7%) | 174,428 (22.2%) | < 0.001 |
Income (lowest 20%) | 323,581 (16.1%) | 146,472 (18.6%) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 103,078 (5.1%) | 156,046 (19.9%) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus stage | < 0.001 | ||
Non-diabetic | 1,499,523 (74.4%) | 403,275 (51.3%) | |
Impaired fasting glucose | 412,300 (20.5%) | 226,931 (28.9%) | |
New onset diabetes | 41,823 (2.1%) | 33,462 (4.3%) | |
Diabetic < 5 years | 30,034 (1.5%) | 53,219 (6.8%) | |
Diabetic ≥ 5 years | 31,221 (1.6%) | 69,365 (8.8%) | |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 94.7 ± 19.2 | 104.7 ± 27.6 | < 0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 117.9 ± 11.3 | 134.4 ± 15.4 | < 0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 73.7 ± 8.0 | 83.1 ± 10.8 | < 0.001 |
Dyslipidemia | 288,048 (14.3%) | 286,573 (36.5%) | < 0.001 |
Dyslipidemia stage | < 0.001 | ||
Total cholesterol < 240 (mg/dL) | 1,726,853 (85.7%) | 499,679 (63.6%) | |
Total cholesterol ≥ 240 | 164,478 (8.2%) | 60,082 (7.6%) | |
Total cholesterol ≥ 240 with medication | 123,570 (6.1%) | 226,491 (28.8%) | |
Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 194.7 ± 35.5 | 196.1 ± 38.6 | < 0.001 |
High-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 55.9 ± 19.0 | 53.2 ± 22.0 | < 0.001 |
Low-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 114.8 ± 43.5 | 114.0 ± 45.9 | < 0.001 |
Chronic kidney disease | 73,291 (3.6%) | 73,830 (9.4%) | < 0.001 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 90.9 ± 37.5 | 85.4 ± 36.3 | < 0.001 |
