Table 3 Baseline demographics of participants stratified by ∆SBP.
From: Temporal elevation of blood pressure is associated with increased risk of sudden cardiac arrest
∆SBP | p-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔSBP < –20 | − 20 ≤ ΔSBP < –10 | − 10 ≤ ΔSBP < 10 | 10 ≤ ΔSBP < 20 | 20 ≤ ΔSBP < 40 | 40 ≤ ΔSBP | ||
173,039 | 361,268 | 1,504,903 | 489,013 | 251,204 | 21,726 | ||
Male | 94,974 (54.9%) | 205,138 (56.8%) | 865,195 (57.5%) | 283,037 (57.9%) | 141,824 (56.5%) | 11,016 (50.7%) | < 0.001 |
Age (year) | 53.7 ± 13.9 | 49.4 ± 13.6 | 47.8 ± 13.2 | 48.5 ± 13.5 | 51.3 ± 14.1 | 58.6 ± 13.8 | < 0.001 |
Age group | < 0.001 | ||||||
20–29 | 7436 (4.3%) | 24,326 (6.7%) | 113,978 (7.6%) | 35,864 (7.3%) | 14,811 (5.9%) | 456 (2.1%) | |
30–39 | 22,294 (12.9%) | 69,334 (19.2%) | 326,809 (21.7%) | 100,691 (20.6%) | 41,746 (16.6%) | 1744 (8.0%) | |
40–49 | 34,930 (20.2%) | 89,452 (24.8%) | 400,793 (26.6%) | 125,315 (25.6%) | 56,333 (22.4%) | 3318 (15.3%) | |
50–59 | 45,817 (26.4%) | 89,935 (24.9%) | 358,654 (23.8%) | 118,236 (24.2%) | 62,737 (25.0%) | 5153 (23.7%) | |
60–69 | 35,947 (20.8%) | 55,315 (15.3%) | 196,501 (13.1%) | 68,436 (14.0%) | 44,002 (17.5%) | 5261 (24.2%) | |
70–79 | 23,080 (13.3%) | 29,094 (8.1%) | 96,230 (6.4%) | 35,722 (7.3%) | 27,408 (10.9%) | 4842 (22.3%) | |
80– | 3535 (2.0%) | 3812 (1.1%) | 11,938 (0.8%) | 4749 (1.0%) | 4167 (1.7%) | 952 (4.4%) | |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.1 ± 3.3 | 23.8 ± 3.2 | 23.7 ± 3.1 | 23.9 ± 3.2 | 24.2 ± 3.3 | 24.7 ± 3.5 | < 0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 81.6 ± 9.2 | 80.5 ± 8.9 | 80.3 ± 8.9 | 80.8 ± 9.0 | 81.6 ± 9.0 | 83.4 ± 9.0 | < 0.001 |
Smoking | < 0.001 | ||||||
Never-smoker | 104,659 (60.5%) | 212,072 (58.7%) | 873,753 (58.1%) | 281,801 (57.6%) | 148,026 (58.9%) | 14,010 (64.5%) | |
Ex-smoker | 29,632 (17.1%) | 61,967 (17.2%) | 258,112 (17.2%) | 84,824 (17.4%) | 42,715 (17.0%) | 3459 (15.9%) | |
Current-smoker | 38,748 (22.4%) | 87,229 (24.2%) | 373,038 (24.8%) | 122,388 (25.0%) | 60,463 (24.1%) | 4257 (19.6%) | |
Alcohol consumption | < 0.001 | ||||||
Non-drinker | 96,084 (55.5%) | 186,968 (51.8%) | 749,853 (49.8%) | 242,850 (49.7%) | 130,123 (51.8%) | 12,727 (58.6%) | |
Mild-drinker | 64,456 (37.3%) | 149,544 (41.4%) | 647,876 (43.1%) | 209,216 (42.8%) | 101,031 (40.2%) | 7129 (32.8%) | |
Heavy-drinker | 12,499 (7.2%) | 24,756 (6.9%) | 107,174 (7.1%) | 36,947 (7.6%) | 20,050 (8.0%) | 1870 (8.6%) | |
Regular Exercise | 35,783 (20.7%) | 74,886 (20.7%) | 306,969 (20.4%) | 98,775 (20.2%) | 49,898 (19.9%) | 3987 (18.4%) | < 0.001 |
Income (lowest 20%) | 32,176 (18.6%) | 61,456 (17.0%) | 245,069 (16.3%) | 82,469 (16.9%) | 44,617 (17.8%) | 4266 (19.6%) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 23,955 (13.8%) | 35,059 (9.7%) | 123,639 (8.2%) | 43,924 (9.0%) | 28,677 (11.4%) | 3870 (17.8%) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus stage | < 0.001 | ||||||
Non-diabetic | 107,124 (61.9%) | 246,992 (68.4%) | 1,047,958 (69.6%) | 330,204 (67.5%) | 158,913 (63.3%) | 11,607 (53.4%) | |
Impaired fasting glucose | 41,960 (24.3%) | 79,217 (21.9%) | 333,306 (22.2%) | 114,885 (23.5%) | 63,614 (25.3%) | 6249 (28.8%) | |
New onset diabetes | 5736 (3.3%) | 9358 (2.6%) | 36,992 (2.5%) | 13,487 (2.8%) | 8640 (3.4%) | 1072 (4.9%) | |
Diabetic < 5 years | 8527 (4.9%) | 11,783 (3.3%) | 39,581 (2.6%) | 13,579 (2.8%) | 8642 (3.4%) | 1141 (5.3%) | |
Diabetic ≥ 5 years | 9692 (5.6%) | 13,918 (3.9%) | 47,066 (3.1%) | 16,858 (3.5%) | 11,395 (4.5%) | 1657 (7.6%) | |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 100.2 ± 25.7 | 97.4 ± 22.9 | 96.7 ± 21.4 | 97.6 ± 22.0 | 99.6 ± 24.2 | 104.1 ± 28.9 | < 0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure in 2011 (mmHg) | 113.4 ± 14.0 | 114.7 ± 12.6 | 120.6 ± 12.5 | 128.2 ± 12.3 | 137.1 ± 14.1 | 160.4 ± 17.3 | < 0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure in 2009 (mmHg) | 143.46 ± 16.72 | 130.63 ± 12.59 | 121.88 ± 12.32 | 115.5 ± 12.07 | 112.64 ± 13.31 | 114.4 ± 14.62 | < 0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure in 2011 (mmHg) | 72.1 ± 9.6 | 72.7 ± 9.1 | 75.4 ± 9.0 | 79.1 ± 9.1 | 83.3 ± 10.1 | 93.4 ± 12.6 | < 0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure in 2009 (mmHg) | 86.15 ± 11.61 | 80.06 ± 9.46 | 76.08 ± 9.05 | 73.37 ± 8.98 | 72.03 ± 9.29 | 73.23 ± 9.92 | < 0.001 |
Hypertension with medication (in 2011) | 71,782 (41.5%) | 84,190 (23.3%) | 257, 886 (17.1%) | 91,272 (18.7%) | 67,213 (26.8%) | 11,127 (51.2%) | < 0.001 |
Number of antihypertensive medications | 0.78 ± 0.11 | 0.42 ± 0.87 | 0.3 ± 0.75 | 0.32 ± 0.78 | 0.47 ± 0.91 | 0.97 ± 1.17 | < 0.001 |
Dyslipidemia | 46,450 (26.8%) | 76,278 (21.1%) | 287,961 (19.1%) | 98,271 (20.1%) | 58,836 (23.4%) | 6825 (31.4%) | < 0.001 |
Dyslipidemia stage | < 0.001 | ||||||
Total cholesterol < 240 (mg/dL) | 126,589 (73.2%) | 284,990 (78.9%) | 1,216,942 (80.9%) | 390,742 (79.9%) | 192,368 (76.6%) | 14,901 (68.6%) | |
Total cholesterol ≥ 240 | 12,784 (7.4%) | 27,099 (7.5%) | 118,514 (7.9%) | 41,023 (8.4%) | 22,855 (9.1%) | 2285 (10.5%) | |
Total cholesterol ≥ 240 with medication | 33,666 (19.5%) | 49,179 (13.6%) | 169,447 (11.3%) | 57,248 (11.7%) | 35,981 (14.3%) | 4540 (20.9%) | |
Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 193.8 ± 37.2 | 193.9 ± 36.2 | 194.6 ± 36.0 | 195.9 ± 36.4 | 198.0 ± 38.0 | 201.6 ± 39.1 | < 0.001 |
High-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 54.1 ± 19.5 | 54.9 ± 18.5 | 55.3 ± 19.9 | 55.3 ± 18.4 | 55.2 ± 24.9 | 54.7 ± 17.8 | < 0.001 |
Low-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 113.8 ± 42.3 | 114.2 ± 41.4 | 114.5 ± 44.5 | 114.9 ± 44.2 | 115.6 ± 47.4 | 116.6 ± 39.8 | < 0.001 |
Chronic kidney disease | 13,138 (7.6%) | 19,632 (5.4%) | 72,631 (4.8%) | 24,277 (5.0%) | 15,296 (6.1%) | 2147 (9.9%) | < 0.001 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 87.5 ± 36.2 | 89.1 ± 36.4 | 89.8 ± 37.2 | 89.6 ± 37.8 | 88.6 ± 38.0 | 86.3 ± 39.8 | < 0.001 |
Heart failure | 363 (0.21%) | 397 (0.11%) | 1203 (0.08%) | 391 (0.08%) | 326 (0.13%) | 69 (0.32%) | < 0.001 |
Cardiovascular disease | 6471 (3.7%) | 8056 (2.2%) | 26,335 (1.8%) | 9291 (1.9%) | 6832 (2.7%) | 1142 (5.3%) | < 0.001 |
