Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients with HCC in a non-cirrhotic liver stratified by underlying etiology.

From: Cryptogenic non-cirrhotic HCC: Clinical, prognostic and immunologic aspects of an emerging HCC etiology

  

Cryptogenic

NAFLD

ALD

HBV

p value

NAFLD versus cryptogenic p value

N =

 

115

75

53

23

  

Age

Median (IQR)

70 (18.5)

75 (27)

69 (9)

55 (27)

< 0.001

0.723

Sex

       
 

 Female

38 (33%)

30 (40%)

7 (13%)

4 (17%)

0.005

0.328

 

 Male

77 (67%)

45 (60%)

46 (87%)

19 (83%)

Ethnicity

       
 

 African

1 (1%)

1 (1%)

1 (2%)

4 (17%)

< 0.001

0.841

 

 Asian

1 (1%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

11 (48%)

 

 Caucasian

112 (97%)

73 (98%)

52 (98%)

6 (26%)

 

 Other

1 (1%)

1 (1%)

0 (0%)

2 (9%)

Smoking

 

61 (53%)

35 (47%)

35 (66%)

11 (49%)

0.203

 

Excessive alcohol use

 

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

50 (94%)

1 (4%)

< 0.001

 

Positive family history

 

10 (9%)

15 (20%)

3 (6%)

5 (22%)

0.012

0.017

Symptomatic

 

85 (74%)

40 (53%)

33 (62%)

14 (60%)

0.113

 

Weight loss

 

36 (31%)

10 (13%)

15 (28%)

1 (4%)

0.003

0.005

BMI

 Median (IQR)

25 (5)

28 (6)

26 (6)

24 (5.5)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Diabetes mellitus II

 

29 (25%)

38 (51%)

20 (38%)

5 (21%)

0.002

< 0.001

Hypertension

 

75 (65%)

54 (72%)

42 (79%)

9 (39%)

0.026

0.383

Dyslipidemia

 

31 (27%)

32 (43%)

31 (58%)

6 (26%)

0.001

0.016

Oral statins

 

14 (12%)

13 (17%)

2 (4%)

3 (13%)

0.143

 

ALT (U/L)

 Median (IQR)

44 (56)

37.5 (44)

47.5 (48)

32 (16)

0.227

 

AST (U/L)

 Median (IQR)

70 (89)

39.5 (33)

52 (98)

40 (49)

0.007

< 0.001

AFP (ng/mL)

 Median (IQR)

34 (1632)

7 (304)

21.5 (1891)

99 (14810)

0.236

 

FIB-4

 Median (IQR)

2.6 (2.7)

1.8 (1.1)

1.7 (2.3)

2.1 (1.7)

0.042

0.005

APRI

 Median (IQR)

0.62 (0.74)

0.41 (0.42)

0.49 (0.78)

0.44 (0.58)

0.261

 

Fibrosis >F1

 

7 (6%)

9 (12%)

6 (11%)

2 (9%)

0.501

 

HBV (anti-HBc pos)

 

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

23 (100%)

  

HCV

 

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

  

Surveillance

 Yes (%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (2%)

12 (52%)

< 0.001

 

Treatment strategy

     

< 0.001

<0.001

 Curative

 

43 (40%)

52 (71%)

30 (57%)

12 (52%)

  

 Non-curative

 

23 (20%)

9 (12%)

10 (19%)

7 (30%)

  

 Best supportive

 

43 (40%)

13 (17%)

13 (25%)

4 (17%)

  

Tumor stage

       
 

 Early

18 (17%)

26 (36%)

15 (28%)

7 (32%)

0.033*

0.004

 

 Intermediate

61 (54%)

36 (49%)

26 (49%)

11 (50%)

 

 Advanced

32 (29%)

11 (15%)

12 (23%)

4 (18%)

Tumor size (mm)

 Median (IQR)

110 (66)

65.5 (71)

100 (90)

74 (39)

< 0.001

< 0.001

  1. Associations between variables were tested using an ANOVA, chi-square, or their nonparametric equivalents when appropriate. Next, only significant variables were tested for a difference between non-cirrhotic NAFLD HCC and non-cirrhotic cryptogenic HCC using student’s t test, chi-square, or their nonparametric equivalents when appropriate.
  2. *p value for comparison early versus non-early.
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