Figure 1
From: Electric field modulation of ERK dynamics shows dependency on waveform and timing
Schematics and experiment setup of electrostatic modulation of EGFR-Ras-ERK signaling pathway. (A) The signaling cascade of the EGFR-Ras-ERK pathway. (B) Schematics of the on-stage incubation chamber with microelectrode chip integrated for the EF perturbation. (C) Left: Picture of the printed circuit board (PCB) board mounted on the inverted microscope stage with microelectrode chip in the center. Right: Typical fluorescence image of MCF10A cells cultured on top of the electrodes. The dark nucleic area is indicative of ERKTR being phosphorylated and transported into cytosol due to the high ERK level. The arrows mark the position of the microelectrodes. Cells within 100 µm distance from the microelectrodes are used to calculate the ERKTR ratio. Scale bar: 10 µm. (D) Diagram of the customized electronic controls to deliver electric pulses to the sample. An Arduino controller is programmed to switch the relay matrix and direct signals from a function generator to selected microelectrodes. The signals are transmitted through isolated amplifiers so that the microelectrodes do not share ground with any other systems.
