Table 2 Nanofluid properties at different ZnO-cerium nanocomposites concentrations.
From: Enhanced oil recovery by using modified ZnO nanocomposites in sandstone oil reservoirs
Nanoparticlesconcentration (ppm) | Interfacial tension (mN m-1) ± SD | pH (-) ± SD | Density (g/cc) ± SD | Viscosity (cP) ± SD | Z-P (mV) ± SD | CA (°) ± SD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N-composites | 25 | 39.60 ± 1.21 | 7.45 ± 0.17 | 0.9991 ± 0.001 | 1.91 ± 0.01 | − 36.11 ± 1.54 | 156.14 ± 4.93 |
50 | 35.11 ± 1.32 | 7.41 ± 0.32 | 0.9992 ± 0.004 | 1.94 ± 0.02 | − 38.31 ± 1.37 | 96.38 ± 3.42 | |
75 | 31.15 ± 1.09 | 6.72 ± 0.16 | 0.9994 ± 0.003 | 1.97 ± 0.03 | − 40.31 ± 1.75 | 85.18 ± 4.66 | |
100 | 22.51 ± 1.10 | 6.45 ± 0.14 | 0.9995 ± 0.001 | 1.98 ± 0.02 | − 44.36 ± 2.03 | 40.83 ± 3.98 | |
125 | 15.48 ± 0.98 | 6.58 ± 0.09 | 0.9996 ± 0.002 | 2.00 ± 0.03 | − 39.50 ± 2.25 | 51.16 ± 4.54 | |
150 | 12.24 ± 1.02 | 7.06 ± 0.75 | 0.9998 ± 0.002 | 2.02 ± 0.03 | − 36.11 ± 1.72 | 55.21 ± 3.27 | |
ZnO | 25 | 54.25 ± 2.81 | 6.71 ± 0.32 | 0.9990 ± 0.003 | 1.70 ± 0.03 | − 25.28 ± 1.38 | 170.37 ± 5.63 |
50 | 49.12 ± 2.34 | 6.67 ± 0.16 | 0.9991 ± 0.001 | 1.73 ± 0.06 | − 26.82 ± 1.20 | 116.39 ± 4.95 | |
75 | 42.60 ± 1.88 | 6.05 ± 0.66 | 0.9992 ± 0.002 | 1.75 ± 0.04 | − 28.22 ± 1.34 | 103.3 ± 4.04 | |
100 | 30.50 ± 1.21 | 5.81 ± 0.54 | 0.9993 ± 0.005 | 1.76 ± 0.06 | − 31.05 ± 1.86 | 50.21 ± 3.22 | |
125 | 21.68 ± 1.18 | 5.92 ± 0.76 | 0.9995 ± 0.001 | 1.78 ± 0.05 | − 27.65 ± 1.49 | 62.48 ± 3.63 | |
150 | 17.18 ± 0.93 | 6.35 ± 0.59 | 0.9999 ± 0.002 | 1.80 ± 0.06 | − 25.28 ± 1.27 | 67.30 ± 4.15 |
