Table 2 Uni- and multivariate analyses predicting progression-free survival for patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma treated with pembrolizumab as second-line treatment.

From: Proton pump inhibitors and potassium competitive acid blockers decrease pembrolizumab efficacy in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma

Parameters

Univariate

Multivariate

HR

95% CI

p value

HR

95% CI

p value

Age at initiation of treatment

1.00

0.98–1.02

0.916

–

–

–

Gender, female vs. male

1.23

0.77–1.97

0.380

–

–

–

Primary site, UTUC vs. bladder

1.11

0.83–1.50

0.463

–

–

–

ECOG-PS, 2 vs. 0, 1

2.91

1.86–4.53

< 0.001

2.31

1.38–3.85

0.001

Treatment lines of ICI, 3rd line later vs. 2nd line

1.16

0.76–1.77

0.488

–

–

–

Liver metastasis, yes vs. no

2.39

1.53–3.73

< 0.001

1.92

1.16–3.17

0.011

PPI/P-CAB

2.06

1.39–3.06

< 0.001

1.71

1.14–2.07

0.010

H2 blockers

1.39

0.61–3.17

0.439

–

–

–

Antibiotics

1.35

0.88–2.10

0.173

–

–

–

NSAIDs

0.99

0.60–1.66

0.982

–

–

–

Metformin

1.66

0.52–5.26

0.389

–

–

–

Antipsychotics

1.42

0.62–3.26

0.403

–

–

–

Steroids

3.47

1.82–6.62

< 0.001

1.63

0.79–3.37

0.188

Opioids

2.39

1.54–3.72

< 0.001

1.30

0.82–2.07

0.266

NLR, ≥ 3.0 vs. < 3.0

1.97

1.31–2.96

0.001

1.44

0.92–2.27

0.111

Serum Alb levels

0.52

0.37–0.72

< 0.001

0.68

0.44–1.04

0.078

Hb levels

0.87

0.78–0.98

0.018

0.89

0.77–1.03

0.122

  1. Alb, albumin; CI, confidence interval; ECOG-PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status; Hb, hemoglobin; HR, hazard ratio; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitors; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PPI/P-CAB, proton pump inhibitors/potassium-competitive acid blockers; UTUC, upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma.
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