Table 2 Summary of hypothesis tests for task-specific behavior (hypothesis family one).

Variable	Mean experimental	Mean control	Estimated difference d	t	p	df	95% LCI of d	95% HCI of d	Cohen’s d
Focus score	299.95	126.35	173.61	6.73	< 0.001	110.73	122.48	224.73	1.20
Productivity	5.63	5.09	0.54	3.41	0.003	112.77	0.86	0.23	0.61
Task motivation	5.46	4.99	0.47	2.78	0.009	119.63	0.81	0.14	0.50
Temptation resistance	5.27	4.62	0.65	3.35	0.003	119.77	1.04	0.27	0.60
Temptation challenge	3.14	3.69	− 0.55	− 2.82	0.009	119.46	− 0.16	− 0.94	− 0.51
Temptation strength	3.28	3.78	− 0.50	− 2.61	0.012	119.78	− 0.12	− 0.88	− 0.47
Temptation number	1.70	2.16	− 0.45	− 1.65	0.101	116.11	0.09	− 1.00	− 0.30
Goal progress	13.65	16.02	− 2.36	− 1.53	0.130	124.00	− 2.33	0.30	− 0.25

The first seven tests are Welch’s independent samples t-tests. The eighth test, on goal progress, is a residual change regression of experimental condition on post-study goal progress, controlling for pre-study progress. Cohen’s d values were computed with the adjusted dfs from the Welch t-tests.

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