Figure 4

Data-driven characterization of flash patterns for each filmed population, encompassing 7 different species. P. carolinus and P. frontalis data were each collected from two populations filmed in different locations and years, each of which is separately characterized here. For each population, the 100 sequences with the highest classification probabilities are used to characterize flash signals. This represents a data filtering procedure that extracts the most salient properties of each population’s flash behavior while retaining inherent intraspecies behavioral variability. Probability distributions of the (A) number of flashes, (B) inter-flash gap in seconds, and (C) flash duration in seconds are shown for each species, normalized to sum to 1 under the interval, for both the raw (transparent bars) and filtered (opaque bars) data. The corresponding values obtained from the literature references (see Methods Section "Literature references"), if they exist, are shown as dashed lines.