Figure 5

Reference sequences for the firefly species examined in this paper, as previously published in the literature, with the exception of B. wickershamorum. (A) Reference pattern for P. frontalis from Barber, 1951⁴¹. (B) Reference patterns for P. obscurellus and P. bethaniensis from Faust, 2017⁷. (C) Reference patterns for P. carolinus and P. knulli from Stanger-Hall and Lloyd, 2015⁸. ( D) Reference pattern for P. forresti from Fallon et al., 2022⁶. (E) Illustration of extracting P. frontalis sequence from literature pattern (top) and converting to time series (bottom).