Table 4 Backstepping controller parameters.

From: RETRACTED ARTICLE: Enhancing MPPT performance for partially shaded photovoltaic arrays through backstepping control with Genetic Algorithm-optimized gains

BSC gains

Proposed method

P&O-BSC

INC-BSC

GA-BSC

PSO-BSC

\(K_{1}\)

1.9547e + 03

435

\(K_{2}\)

687.5369

500

Back to article page