Table 3 Effects of phytoncide essential oil and soybean oil on long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in rumen fluid.

From: Dietary supplementation of phytoncide and soybean oil increases milk conjugated linoleic acid and depresses methane emissions in Holstein dairy cows

LCFA (mg/mL)	Treatment¹								SEM	P-value
	PO, 0%				PO, 0.1%					PO	SO	PO × SO
	SO				SO
	0%	1%	2%	4%	0%	1%	2%	4%
0 h
SA	0.701	0.691	0.731	0.798	0.687	0.697	0.672	0.779	0.021	0.783	0.462	0.911
TVA	0.041	0.044	0.048	0.047	0.036	0.032	0.037	0.042	0.003	0.719	0.910	0.417
LA	0.035	2.061	4.121	7.552	0.036	2.091	4.182	7.572	0.760	< 0.001**	< 0.001**	0.891
LnA	0.009	0.011	0.013	0.016	0.007	0.008	0.010	0.012	0.002	0.781	0.522	0.150
6 h
SA	0.771	0.760	0.804	0.878	0.756	0.767	0.739	0.857	0.610	0.031	0.512	0.124
TVA	0.039	0.041	0.061	0.098	0.051	0.056	0.091	0.081	0.009	< 0.001**	< 0.001**	0.212
LA	0.021	1.041	2.081	4.111	0.024	1.076	2.151	4.231	0.381	< 0.001**	0.032**	0.412
LnA	0.006	0.007	0.009	0.010	0.007	0.008	0.010	0.012	0.001	0.790	0.736	0.124
12 h
SA	0.848	0.836	0.885	0.966	0.831	0.843	0.813	0.943	0.033	0.230	0.731	0.699
TVA	0.042	0.045	0.057	0.075	0.024	0.046	0.066	0.064	0.008	0.080	0.373	0.518
LA	0.012	0.581	1.162	2.116	0.011	0.665	1.329	2.226	0.038	< 0.001**	< 0.001**	0.525
LnA	0.009	0.011	0.013	0.016	0.007	0.008	0.010	0.012	0.001	0.210	0.125	0.325
24 h
SA	1.601	1.621	1.712	1.801	1.555	1.626	1.623	1.799	0.126	0.337	0.162	0.893
TVA	0.050	0.053	0.068	0.089	0.029	0.055	0.079	0.076	0.053	0.091*	0.119	0.912
LA	0.010	0.465	0.930	1.693	0.009	0.532	1.063	1.781	0.174	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.411
LnA	0.011	0.013	0.016	0.019	0.008	0.010	0.012	0.015	0.022	0.426	0.621	0.776
Sum of CLAs	ND	0.109	0.161	0.294	ND	0.123	0.269	0.452	0.189	< 0.001	0.047**	0.031**
c9,t11 CLA	ND	0.088	0.131	0.242	ND	0.114	0.224	0.381	0.141	< 0.001	0.051*	0.128
t10,c12 CLA	ND	0.021	0.030	0.052	ND	0.009	0.045	0.071	0.078	0.031**	< 0.001**	0.624
48 h
SA	1.913	1.837	1.996	2.152	1.894	1.921	1.874	2.152	0.127	0.141	0.102	0.451
TVA	0.055	0.059	0.062	0.072	0.055	0.046	0.051	0.072	0.011	0.112	0.049**	0.902
LA	0.009	0.301	0.672	1.092	0.007	0.281	0.728	1.210	0.428	< 0.001**	< 0.001**	0.268
LnA	0.008	0.009	0.011	0.013	0.006	0.007	0.008	0.010	0.002	0.290	0.217	0.933
Sum of CLAs	ND	0.149	0.298	0.522	ND	0.232	0.472	0.710	0.115	< 0.001**	< 0.001**	0.045**
c9,t11 CLA	ND	0.121	0.241	0.444	ND	0.201	0.401	0.622	0.108	< 0.001**	< 0.001**	0.032**
t10,c12 CLA	ND	0.029	0.057	0.078	ND	0.031	0.071	0.088	0.048	0.021**	< 0.001**	0.082*

*P < 0.1, **P < 0.05.
¹Treatments: PO phytoncide oil, SO soybean oil, mg.
SEM standard error of the mean.
*LA linoleic acid (C18:2), LnA linolenic acid (C18:3), TVA trans-11 vaccenic acid (C18:1), SA stearic acid (C18:0), LCFAs long chain fatty acids, ND not detectable.

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Table 3 Effects of phytoncide essential oil and soybean oil on long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in rumen fluid.

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