Table 1 Characteristics of the participants.

From: Correlation between frailty and reduction in cortical thickness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Measure

Healthy (n = 20)

COPD (n = 40)

p

Sex (male/female)

7/13

39/1

< 0.0001

Age (years) (Mean ± S.D.)

61.3 ± 9.58

70.6 ± 8.21

0.0013

BMI (kg/m2) (Mean ± S.D.)

22.60 ± 3.35

23.26 ± 3.29

0.4902

Smoking status (Cu/Ex/Non)

1/5/14

12/28/0

< 0.0001

Pack years (Mean ± S.D.)

9.75 ± 16.11

46.60 ± 25.49

< 0.0001

%VC (%) (Mean ± S.D.)

105.67 ± 12.10

97.00 ± 18.67

0.0790

%FVC (%) (Mean ± S.D.)

106.62 ± 16.37

98.70 ± 19.26

0.1263

%FEV1.0 (Mean ± S.D.)

104.30 ± 11.65

73.96 ± 18.07

< 0.0001

%DLco/VA (%) (Healty = 6) (Mean ± S.D.)

94.53 ± 9.15

77.84 ± 24.09

0.0728

GOLD (1/2/3/4)

–

15/21/4/0

 

Kihon Checklist (KCL) (Mean ± S.D.)

3.4 ± 2.23

8.3 ± 5.08

0.0001

KCL (Non-frail/Pre-frail/Frail)

9/10/1

9/11/20

0.0008

MoCA-J score

26.55 ± 2.52

23.10 ± 3.22

< 0.0001

MoCA-J score ≦ 25

2

31

< 0.0001

EX (Mean ± S.D.)

5.83 ± 2.80

2.60 ± 2.11

< 0.0001

  1. COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, GOLD: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, S.D.: standard deviation, MoCA-J: Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, BMI: body mass index, Cu: current smoker, Ex: ex-smoker, Non: non-smoker, VC: vital capacity, FVC: forced vital capacity, FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s, DLco: diffusing capacity of lung carbon monoxide, VA: alveolar volume, KCL: Kihon Checklist, EX: exercise.
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