Table 3 Logistic regression model summaries for associations between customised questions around fear related to safety during sleep (independent variable) and self-reported sleep characteristics (dependent variable) in men (n = 177).

From: Associations between fears related to safety during sleep and self-reported sleep in men and women living in a low-socioeconomic status setting

Fear items

Excessive daytime sleepiness (ESS > 10)

Poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5)

Clinically significant insomnia symptoms (ISI > 14)

PSQI disturbance item

PSQI daytime dysfunction item

PSQI time-in-bed

PSQI total sleep time

“Awakened by strange noises”

1.46 (0.74–2.88), p = 0.278

3.24 (1.56–6.70), p = 0.002

2.68 (0.56–12.94), p = 0.218

1.86 (0.98–3.52), p = 0.057

1.24 (0.69–2.21), p = 0.476

1.87 (0.99–3.52), p = 0.052

1.11 (0.60–2.08), p = 0.728

“Dreams about past traumatic experiences”

1.60 (0.74–3.45), p = 0.231

5.91 (2.51–13.88), p < 0.001

6.89 (1.38–34.38), p = 0.019

2.35 (1.15–4.84), p = 0.020

1.22 (0.62–2.43), p = 0.560

1.25 (0.60–2.60), p = 0.969

0.90 (0.45–1.81), p = 0.771

“Fear of being attacked during sleep”

2.44 (1.13–5.25), p = 0.023

3.96 (1.73–9.06), p = 0.001

2.79 (0.61–12.77), p = 0.185

3.38 (1.58–7.22), p = 0.002

1.23 (0.60–2.50), p = 0.570

1.21 (0.57–2.56), p = 0.619

0.54 (0.26–1.12), p = 0.098

“Fear of not being safe during sleep”

2.73 (1.15–6.47), p = 0.023

9.09 (3.31–24.99), p < 0.001

6.50 (1.37–30.87), p = 0.019

7.19 (2.96–17.47), p < 0.001

2.20 (0.99–4.90), p = 0.054

1.04 (0.44–2.47), p = 0.931

0.40 (0.17–0.93), p = 0.033

“Fear of falling asleep”

3.40 (1.17–9.87), p = 0.024

6.71 (2.10–21.48), p = 0.001

13.85 (2.22–86.37), p = 0.005

5.40 (1.83–15.92), p = 0.002

4.18 (1.53–11.43), p = 0.005

1.30 (0.44–3.80), p = 0.637

0.41 (0.15–1.13), p = 0.085

“Sleeping with the light on to feel safe”

5.00 (1.30–19.27), p = 0.019

4.90 (1.19–20.20), p = 0.028

3.42 (0.30–38.89), p = 0.322

6.33 (1.63–24.56), p = 0.008

1.59 (0.45–5.67), p = 0.471

0.38 (0.10–1.43), p = 0.152

0.17 (0.04–0.64), p = 0.009

  1. Data are presented as odds ratio (95% confidence interval), p value. Logistic regression models were adjusted for age a priori and then further adjusted for covariates which had a p value < 0.15 in univariate analyses (Supplementary Table S3). Additional covariates were as follows: for excessive daytime sleepiness model: body mass index (BMI); for poor sleep quality model: annual household income and level of education; for insomnia symptoms model: smoking, alcohol consumption, presence of young children and household density; for sleep disturbances model: BMI, smoking and alcohol consumption; for the time-in-bed models: employment status and level of education and for total sleep time models: BMI, employment status, smoking and level of education. Significant values are in bold.
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