Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 43,978 individuals enrolled in the cross-sectional study.

From: Healthy eating index-2015 and its association with the prevalence of stroke among US adults

Variables

Overall (n = 43,978)

Non-stroke (n = 42,523)

Stroke (n = 1485)

P value

Age, years

45.82 [45.49, 46.16]

45.46 [45.12, 45.80]

60.27 [59.39, 61.14]

 < 0.001***

Sex-male, n (%)

49.31 [47.59, 51.03]

49.41 [48.93, 49.89]

45.35 [42.23, 48.48]

0.01*

Race, n (%)

 < 0.001***

 Non-Hispanic White

68.27 [64.22, 72.32]

68.31 [66.29, 70.33]

66.72 [63.08, 70.36]

 

 Non-Hispanic Black

11.18 [10.24, 12.13]

11.04 [9.94, 12.14]

16.80 [14.49, 19.12]

 

 Mexican American

8.21 [7.24, 9.17]

8.28 [7.22, 9.34]

5.28 [3.96, 6.59]

 

 Other Hispanic

5.67 [4.82, 6.53]

5.72 [4.85, 6.60]

3.65 [2.37, 4.93]

 

 Other

6.66 [6.12, 7.21]

6.64 [6.07, 7.21]

7.54 [5.51, 9.58]

 

Smoking, n (%)

22.27 [21.18, 23.35]

22.09 [21.33, 22.85]

29.66 [26.61, 32.71]

 < 0.001***

Drinking, n (%)

83.43 [80.33, 86.53]

89.31 [88.47, 90.15]

84.49 [81.76, 87.23]

 < 0.001***

Education level, n (%)

 < 0.001***

 Below high school

5.41 [5.01, 5.80]

5.29 [4.89, 5.69]

10.30 [8.30, 12.29]

 

 High school

35.23 [33.49, 36.98]

34.94 [33.76, 36.13]

47.68 [44.36, 51.00]

 

 Above high school

59.29 [56.86, 61.72]

59.77 [58.43, 61.11]

42.02 [38.51, 45.53]

 

SBP, mmHg

121.61 [121.30, 121.92]

121.39 [121.08, 121.71]

130.20 [128.69, 131.71]

 < 0.001***

DBP, mmHg

71.65 [71.36, 71.94]

71.66 [71.38, 71.95]

71.02 [70.14, 71.91]

0.15

Diabetes, n (%)

12.33 [11.75, 12.92]

11.74 [11.29, 12.20]

35.74 [32.50, 38.98]

 < 0.001***

FBG, mmol/L

5.84 [5.80, 5.87]

5.81 [5.78, 5.85]

6.63 [6.40, 6.86]

 < 0.001***

HbA1c, %

5.57 [5.55, 5.58]

5.56 [5.54, 5.57]

6.07 [5.98, 6.16]

 < 0.001***

eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2

95.23 [94.74, 95.71]

95.67 [95.18, 96.16]

77.37 [75.69, 79.04]

 < 0.001***

TG, mmol/L

1.50 [1.47, 1.53]

1.49 [1.47, 1.52]

1.73 [1.60, 1.85]

 < 0.001***

TC, mmol/L

5.08 [5.06, 5.10]

5.09 [5.07, 5.10]

4.97 [4.89, 5.05]

0.01*

LDL-C, mmol/L

3.01 [2.99, 3.03]

3.01 [2.99, 3.03]

2.86 [2.76, 2.96]

0.003**

HDL-C, mmol/L

1.37 [1.36, 1.37]

1.37 [1.36, 1.38]

1.32 [1.28, 1.35]

0.001**

RBC, × 109/L

4.73 [4.72, 4.74]

4.73 [4.72, 4.74]

4.59 [4.55, 4.64]

 < 0.001***

WBC, × 109/L

7.26 [7.21, 7.30]

7.25 [7.20, 7.29]

7.52 [7.39, 7.66]

 < 0.001***

NE, × 109/L

4.30 [4.27, 4.33]

4.29 [4.26, 4.32]

4.59 [4.48, 4.70]

 < 0.001***

Monocyte, × 109/L

0.56 [0.56, 0.56]

0.56 [0.56, 0.56]

0.59 [0.58, 0.61]

 < 0.001***

LY, × 109/L

2.15 [2.13, 2.16]

2.15 [2.14, 2.17]

2.07 [2.02, 2.12]

0.001**

PLT, × 106/L

254.86 [253.51, 256.22]

255.02 [253.68, 256.37]

248.55 [242.37, 254.74]

0.04*

Hemoglobin, g/L

14.37 [14.33, 14.41]

14.38 [14.34, 14.42]

14.01 [13.89, 14.13]

 < 0.001***

  1. Continuous variables are presented as the mean [95% CI], category variables are presented as the proportion [95% CI].
  2. CI confidence interval, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FBG fasting blood glucose, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, TG triglycerides, TC total cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, RBC red blood cells, WBC white blood cells, NE neutrophils, LY lymphocytes, PLT platelets.
  3. *P value < 0.05, **P value < 0.01, ***P value < 0.001.
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