Table 3 Statistical results of different methods on G1 problem (The best performing method (objective function values) is marked in bold).

From: Efficient implicit constraint handling approaches for constrained optimization problems

Algorithm

BU step

Best

Mean

Median

Worst

St. Dev

GA

Nonea

− 13.83

− 12.87

− 13.07

− 11.99

0.68

BU

− 14.43

− 13.94

− 14.17

− 13.02

0.48

Hybrid-cvtol

− 15.0

− 14.87

− 14.95

− 14.58

0.15

Hybrid-ftol

− 15.0

− 14.99

− 14.99

− 14.99

0.00

DE

None

− 10.08

− 8.83

− 8.74

− 8.10

0.66

BU

− 14.02

− 12.61

− 13.46

− 9.55

1.62

Hybrid-cvtol

− 14.80

− 14.718

− 14.710

− 14.66

0.047

Hybrid-ftol

− 14.35

− 14.02

− 14.05

− 13.68

0.21

ES

None

− 10.75

− 9.24

− 9.38

− 8.13

0.89

BU

− 10.89

− 9.89

− 9.99

− 8.98

0.65

Hybrid-cvtol

− 13.41

− 10.47

− 9.84

− 8.63

1.63

Hybrid-ftol

− 10.77

− 9.92

− 10.0

− 8.98

0.57

SRES

None

− 7.40

− 5.68

− 5.85

− 3.63

1.24

BU

− 9.05

− 8.27

− 8.18

− 1.04

0.44

Hybrid-cvtol

− 7.96

− 5.10

− 5.04

− 1.04

1.68

Hybrid-ftol

− 8.38

− 5.51

− 4.54

− 3.27

1.84

BRKGA

None

− 13.83

− 12.46

− 12.20

− 11.30

0.89

BU

− 14.43

− 13.56

− 13.85

− 11.54

1.03

Hybrid-cvtol

− 14.90

− 14.88

− 14.88

− 14.86

0.01

Hybrid2-ftol

− 14.93

− 14.87

− 14.88

− 14.85

0.02

  1. a“None” means no BU method or hybrid is used and only feasibility rules as an explicit constraint handling method is worked alone.