Table 1 Parameters of algorithms.

LMEA⁴⁶

nSel: 5

nPer: 50

nCor: 5

WOF⁴⁷

Gamma: 4, Groups: 2

Psi: 3

T1: 1000, T2: 500

Delta: 0.5

MOSMA⁴⁸

Number of iterations: \(t\), The maximum number of iterations: \(T\), \(a = \arctan h(1 - (t/T))\) \(b = 1 - (t/T)\)

Flow speed control parameters: \(v_{b} = [ - a,a],v_{c} = [ - b,b]\)

DGEA⁴⁹

Refno: 10

MOAHA⁵⁰

Flight factor: \({\text{r}} = [0,1]\)

Boot factor: \(a = N(0,1)\)

Territorial factor: \(b = N(0,1)\)

MOSPO⁵¹

Grids number per each dimension: \(nGrid = 10\)

Grid inflation: \(\alpha = 0.1\)

Archive member selection pressure: \(\gamma = 2\)

Leader selection pressure parameter: \(\beta = 4\)

NSCSO

Order redefinition parameter: \(G = 10\)

population size: \(N = 100\)

Number of roosts: \(N_{R} = 0.15 \times N\)

Number of hens: \(N_{H} = 0.7*N\)

Number of chicks: \(N_{C} = 0.15*N\)