Table 3 Results of the linear mixed model, predicting median RTs to investigate correlations between tACS treatment efficacy, age and baseline cognition.

Predictor	N	Beta	95% CI	Std. Beta	Std. 95 CI	p value
MoCA	840	− 15	− 25, − 6.5	− 0.38	− 0.68, − 0.08	< 0.001
Age	840	2.6	− 1.22, 6.4	0.21	− 0.1, 0.51	0.183
Group * MoCA	840					0.6
Active tACS * MoCA	408	− 4.2	− 19, 11	− 0.15	− 0.64, 0.35
Session * MoCA	840
2 * MoCA	280	6.8	4.0, 9.6	0.09	0.02, 0.16	< 0.001
3 * MoCA	280	4.6	1.9, 7.4	0.05	− 0.02, 0.12	0.001
Session * age	840
2 * age	280	1.1	0.52, 2.3	0.11	0.04, 0.18	0.002
3 * age	280	− 0.58	− 1.5, 0.3	− 0.05	− 0.12, 0.02	0.199
Group * age	840					0.5
Active tACS * age	408	2.0	− 4.2, 8.2	0.16	− 0.32, 0.65
Group * session * MoCA	840
Active tACS * 2 * MoCA	136	− 2.3	− 5.5, 0.99	− 0.08	− 0.19, 0.03	0.172
Active tACS * 3 * MoCA	136	3.3	− 0.01, 6.5	0.11	0.0, 0.23	0.051
Group * session * age	840			0.011
Active tACS * 2 * age	136	0.23	− 1.2, 1.6	0.02	− 0.09, 0.13	0.743
Active tACS * 3 * age	136	1.9	0.55, 3.3	0.16	0.04, 0.27	0.006

The model's total explanatory power was substantial (conditional R² = 0.91) and the part related to the fixed effects alone (marginal R²) was 0.47. The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) of the model was estimated by the maximum likelihood method and was 8051. Standardized parameters were obtained by fitting the model on a standardized version of the dataset. 95% CIs and p values were computed using a Wald t-distribution approximation. A p value ≤ 0.05 indicates statistical significance (highlighted in bold).
CI confidence interval.
Conditional R² = 0.91.
Marginal R² = 0.47.
AIC = 8051 (estimated using Maximum Likelihood).

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