Table 2 Outcomes of the pre-matched and matched cohorts.

From: Sex differences in in-hospital management in patients with sepsis and septic shock: a prospective multicenter observational study

 

Before matching

After matching

Women (n = 1357)

Men (n = 1772)

p-value

Women (n = 1190)

Men (n = 1190)

p-value*

1-h bundle therapy

184 (13.6%)

341 (19.2%)

 < 0.001

155 (13.0%)

228 (19.2%)

 < 0.001

Initial lactate measurement

1158 (85.3%)

1535 (86.6%)

0.327

1011 (85.0%)

1013 (85.1%)

0.908

Blood culture before antibiotics

1126 (83.0%)

1494 (84.3%)

0.340

984 (82.7%)

1009 (84.8%)

0.159

Broad-spectrum antibiotics

350 (25.8%)

569 (32.1%)

 < 0.001

302 (25.4%)

376 (31.6%)

 < 0.001

Adequate fluid resuscitation

1312 (96.7%)

1664 (93.9%)

0.001

1152 (96.8%)

1131 (95.0%)

0.029

If hypotensive, vasopressors to achieve MAP ≥ 65 despite fluid resuscitation

1153 (85.0%)

1544 (87.1%)

0.091

1019 (85.6%)

1039 (87.3%)

0.239

Fluid

 Normal saline

939 (69.2%)

1152 (65.0%)

0.015

817 (68.7%)

784 (65.9%)

0.160

 Balanced crystalloids

681 (50.2%)

891 (50.3%)

0.985

611 (51.3%)

614 (51.6%)

0.903

 Albumin

192 (14.1%)

262 (14.8%)

0.653

173 (14.5%)

165 (13.9%)

0.639

Vasopressors

 Norepinephrine

1243 (91.6%)

1610 (90.9%)

0.509

1097 (92.2%)

1085 (91.2%)

0.414

 Vasopressin

299 (22.0%)

432 (24.4%)

0.135

271 (22.8%)

272 (22.9%)

1.000

Steroid

363 (26.8%)

518 (29.2%)

0.136

324 (27.2%)

327 (27.5%)

0.887

Monitoring

 Invasive arterial blood pressure monitoring

1020 (75.2%)

1452 (81.9%)

 < 0.001

904 (76.0%)

954 (80.2%)

0.013

 Central-line insertion

830 (61.2%)

1024 (57.8%)

0.062

725 (60.9%)

683 (57.4%)

0.077

Clinical outcomes

 ICU admission

795 (58.6%)

1048 (59.1%)

0.782

700 (58.8%)

678 (57.0%)

0.353

 ED length of stay (h)

9.8 [6.4–19.6]

9.8 [6.1–19.4]

0.566

9.8 [6.3–19.3]

10.4 [6.4–20.2]

0.094

 Mechanical ventilator use

374 (27.6%)

615 (34.7%)

 < 0.001

345 (29.0%)

369 (31.0%)

0.278

 RRT use

200 (14.7%)

286 (16.1%)

0.306

185 (15.5%)

187 (15.7%)

0.909

 In-hospital mortality

334 (24.6%)

504 (28.4%)

0.018

313 (26.3%)

311 (26.1%)

0.924

 28-day survival

999 (73.6%)

1228 (69.3%)

0.009

861 (72.4%)

846 (71.1%)

0.477

  1. Data were expressed as median [interquartile range] or frequency (proportion), as appropriate.
  2. MAP mean arterial pressure, ICU intensive care unit, ED emergency department, RRT renal replacement therapy.
  3. *Paired test (paired Mann–Whitney U test, McNemar’s test).
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