Table 1 Mean absolute error and p-values of the three developed models, for each year.

From: Machine learning and XAI approaches highlight the strong connection between \(O_3\) and \(NO_2\) pollutants and Alzheimer’s disease

Year

Linear model

Random forest

Random forest + boruta

MAE

p-value

MAE

p-value

MAE

p-value

2015

0.32 ± 0.03

0.02 ± 0.03

0.24 ± 0.01

<1%

0.22 ± 0.01

<1%

2016

0.32 ± 0.03

0.03 ± 0.03

0.21 ± 0.01

<1%

0.20 ± 0.01

<1%

2017

0.29 ± 0.02

0.01 ± 0.01

0.23 ± 0.01

<1%

0.21 ± 0.01

<1%

2018

0.29 ± 0.02

0.01 ± 0.01

0.24 ± 0.01

<1%

0.23 ± 0.01

<1%

2019

0.30 ± 0.01

0.01 ± 0.01

0.22 ± 0.01

<1%

0.20 ± 0.01

<1%

  1. All metrics are evaluated using a 5-fold Cross Validation repeated 100 times.