Table 4 Hierarchical linear models predicting subjective well-being.

Life satisfaction		Positive affect		Negative affect
Predictors	β	Predictors	β	Predictors	β
(Intercept)	7.32***	(Intercept)	3.23***	(Intercept)	2.65***
Sense of meaning	0.80***	Resilience	0.11***	General fear of failure	0.15***
Belonging	0.38***	Sense of meaning	0.13***	Gender	− 0.23***
Parental support	0.36***	Belonging	0.11***	Belonging	− 0.10***
General fear of failure	− 0.34***	Parental support	0.06***	GDP per capita	0.00^c
GDP per capita	− 0.00^a	GDP per capita	− 0.00^b	Being bullied	0.08***
Random effects
Within-student residual variance (σ²)	4.670		0.214		0.267
Between-country variance (τ00, country)	0.108		0.010		0.021
Between-school variance (τ00, school)	0.176		0.004		0.007
Variance attributable to between-country variation (ICC country)	0.020		0.040		0.070
Variance attributable to between-school variation (ICC _school)	0.040		0.020		0.020

^a− 0.0000067, ^b− 0.00000083, ^c0.0000014; Gender: Female = 1, Male = 2; ***p < 0.001.

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