Figure 4
From: A new approach for fast field calculation in electrostatic electron lens design and optimization
Proper selection of \(\Delta f_{1}\) and \(\Delta f_{N - 1}\) from the roots of (38). (a) axial potential smoothly approaches the voltage of the first electrode when \(\Delta f\) is equal to the smaller root of (38), (b) axial potential oscillates before it reaches the voltage of the first electrode when \(\Delta f\) is equal to the larger root of (38).
