Table 2 Baseline characteristics.

From: Long-term air pollution exposure is associated with higher incidence of ST-elevation myocardial infarction and in-hospital cardiogenic shock

Variables

Total

NSTEMI (n = 20,526)

STEMI (n = 25,093)

P value

Age (year)

63.82 ± 12.77

65.10 ± 12.40

62.77 ± 12.97

< 0.001

Sex (male)

32,921 (72.2)

14,042 (68.4)

18,879 (75.2)

< 0.001

Body mass index (kg/m2)

23.98 ± 3.25

23.94 ± 3.27

24.01 ± 3.23

0.036

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

129.69 ± 28.25

133.71 ± 27.38

126.37 ± 28.53

< 0.001

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

78.89 ± 16.66

80.18 ± 15.87

77.82 ± 17.22

< 0.001

Heart rate (bpm)

78.19 ± 19.90

79.70 ± 19.36

76.96 ± 20.25

< 0.001

Left ventricular ejection fraction (%)

51.96 ± 11.86

53.51 ± 12.20

50.66 ± 11.41

< 0.001

Killip Class 4

2389 (5.2)

552 (2.7)

1837 (7.3)

< 0.001

Hypertension

22,776 (49.9)

11,203 (54.6)

11,573 (46.1)

< 0.001

Diabetes mellitus

12,596 (27.6)

6418 (31.3)

6178 (24.6)

< 0.001

Dyslipidemia

5082 (11.1)

2571 (12.5)

2511 (10.0)

< 0.001

Cerebrovascular disease

3030 (6.6)

1659 (8.1)

1371 (5.5)

< 0.001

Heart failure

842 (1.8)

582 (2.8)

260 (1.0)

< 0.001

Smoking history

26,337 (57.7)

11,077 (54.0)

15,260 (60.8)

< 0.001

 Current smoker

18,853 (41.3)

7276 (35.4)

11,577 (46.1)

< 0.001

Family history of heart disease

3285 (7.2)

1501 (7.3)

1784 (7.1)

0.404

Previous ischemic heart disease

7027 (15.4)

4150 (20.2)

2877 (11.5)

< 0.001

Previous PCI

3346 (7.3)

1968 (9.6)

1378 (5.5)

< 0.001

Previous MI

2164 (4.7)

1265 (6.2)

899 (3.6)

< 0.001

Previous CABG

371 (0.8)

268 (1.3)

103 (0.4)

< 0.001

Previous angina

2793 (6.1)

1733 (8.4)

1060 (4.2)

< 0.001

Initial treatment of MI

 Thrombolysis

990 (2.2)

0 (0.0)

990 (3.9)

< 0.001

 CABG

933 (2.0)

556 (2.7)

377 (1.5)

< 0.001

 PCI

39,847 (87.3)

16,329 (79.6)

23,518 (93.7)

< 0.001

Multi-vessel disease

21,542 (47.2)

9942 (48.4)

11,600 (46.2)

< 0.001

Left main disease

1661 (3.6)

957 (4.7)

704 (2.8)

< 0.001

Infarct-related artery

 Left main

886 (1.9)

522 (2.5)

364 (1.5)

< 0.001

 Left anterior descending artery

18,963 (41.6)

6987 (34.0)

11,976 (47.7)

< 0.001

 Left circumflex artery

6849 (15.0)

4596 (22.4)

2253 (9.0)

< 0.001

 Right coronary artery

13,489 (29.6)

4719 (23.0)

8770 (34.9)

< 0.001

Cardiogenic Shock Complications

2317 (5.1)

554 (2.7)

1763 (7.0)

< 0.001

  1. Data is expressed as number (percentage), mean ± standard deviation. CABG = coronary artery bypass grafting, NSTEMI = non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction, PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention, MI = myocardial infarction, STEMI = ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
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