Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of the main and sensitivity samples.

From: Smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment reveals an incremental association between natural diversity and mental wellbeing

Assessment response rate

 ≥ 11 out of 42 assessments (≥ 25%)

 ≥ 21 out of 42 assessments (≥ 50%)

 ≥ 32 out of 42 assessments (≥ 75%)

Number (%)

Number (%)

Number (%)

Number of participants

n = 1,998

n = 922

n = 310

Gender

 Female

1413 (70.9%)

651 (70.8%)

208 (67.3%)

 Male

557 (28.0%)

262 (28.5%)

99 (32.0%)

 Other

23 (1.2%)

7 (0.8%)

2 (0.7%)

Age

Mean: 36.5.5 SD: 14.5 Range: 16–82

Mean: 36.9 SD: 14.8 Range: 16–77

Mean: 37.7 SD: 15.6 Range: 16–73

Ethnicity

 White/Caucasian

1353 (68.2%)

622 (67.7%)

205 (66.6%)

 Asian

356 (17.9%)

170 (18.5%)

69 (22.4%)

 Other

276 (13.9%)

127 (13.8%)

34 (11.0%)

Occupation

 Student

525 (26.3%)

255 (27.7%)

89 (28.7%)

 Employed

1071 (53.6%)

494 (53.6%)

157 (50.7%)

 Self-employed

212 (10.6%)

79 (8.6%)

28 (9.0%)

 Retired

107 (5.4%)

54 (5.9%)

26 (8.4%)

 Unemployed

83 (4.2%)

40 (4.3%)

10 (3.2%)

Education

 Less than high school

32 (1.6%)

15 (1.6%)

2 (0.7%)

 High school

215 (10.8%)

99 (10.7%)

37 (11.9%)

 Apprenticeship

143 (7.2%)

72 (7.8%)

24 (7.7%)

 University

1608 (80.5%)

736 (79.8%)

247 (79.7%)

 

Observations (%)

Observations (%)

Observations (%)

Number of Momentary Assessments

n = 41,488

n = 26,049

n = 10,722

Can you see trees?

 No

17,119 (41.3%)

10,563 (40.5%)

4,328 (40.4%)

 Yes

24,369 (58.7%)

15,486 (59.5%)

6,394 (59.6%)

Can you see plants?

 No

15,205 (36.7%)

9,472 (36.4%)

3,858 (36.0%)

 Yes

26,269 (63.3%)

16,573 (63.6%)

6,859 (64.0%)

Can you see or hear birds?

 No

29,588 (71.8%)

18,498 (71.5%)

7,438 (70.0%)

 Yes

11,629 (28.2%)

7,387 (28.5%)

3,194 (30.0%)

Can you see water?

 No

36,533 (88.2%)

22,913 (88.1%)

9,243 (86.4%)

 Yes

4,879 (11.8%)

3,095 (11.9%)

1,451 (13.6%)

Momentary mental wellbeing

Mean: 34.8 SD: 7.16

Mean: 35.1 SD: 7.09

Mean: 35.7 SD: 7.05

Natural diversity score

Mean: 1.62 SD: 1.23

Mean: 1.63 SD: 1.24

Mean: 1.67 SD: 1.26

  1. Number (%) refers to the number and percentage of participants in each sample. Observations (%) refers to the number and percentage of completed ecological momentary assessment observations in each sample. The total of % and n may not reflect the full sample due to missing data or ‘Not sure’, or ‘Prefer not to say’ responses, excluded from the analyses.
  2. The main sample, highlighted in grey, comprised of participants who completed at least 50% of momentary assessments and two sensitivity samples comprised of those who completed at least 25% and 75% momentary assessments, respectively.
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