Table 4 Results of the univariate statistical analysis, given for three different patient groupings: (i) entire cohort, (ii) biopsy \(\hbox {GG}>1\) subgroup patients, (iii) the entire cohort where clinically significant upgraded cases (from GG1 to \(\hbox {GG}>1\)) considered only.

Age

0.75 (0.50–1.14)

0.181

1.04 (0.66–1.64)

0.855

0.69 (0.45–1.05)

0.085

PSA

0.75 (0.48–1.17)

0.210

0.90 (0.57–1.42)

0.653

0.80 (0.52–1.23)

0.306

Prostate volume

0.97 (0.65–1.45)

0.866

0.95 (0.61–1.50)

0.841

1.00 (0.67–1.49)

0.994

PSAD

0.92 (0.61–1.38)

0.677

0.99 (0.63–1.56)

0.974

0.91 (0.60–1.36)

0.633

\(\hbox {ADC}_{\text{mean}}\)

0.98 (0.66–1.46)

0.920

0.80 (0.51–1.28)

0.354

1.22 (0.81–1.83)

0.344

\(\hbox {ADC}_{\text{min}}\)

1.03 (0.69–1.54)

0.879

0.79 (0.50–1.26)

0.322

1.29 (0.86–1.95)

0.220

Tumor size

1.50 (0.95–2.37)

0.079

1.95 (1.07–3.54)*

0.028*

0.93 (0.62–1.40)

0.734

Total biopsy core length

0.84 (0.56–1.26)

0.407

0.80 (0.51–1.27)

0.351

0.98 (0.65–1.46)

0.907

Total biopsy tumor length

0.76 (0.50–1.15)

0.191

1.00 (0.63–1.57)

0.989

0.71 (0.46–1.09)

0.116

TL/CL

0.82 (0.54–1.23)

0.332

1.11 (0.71–1.75)

0.651

0.72 (0.47–1.09)

0.115

PI–RADS

1.39 (0.92–2.10)

0.112

1.44 (0.91–2.29)

0.121

1.05 (0.70–1.57)

0.813

Tumor zone

1.00 (0.67–1.49)

0.990

1.05 (0.67–1.66)

0.820

0.94 (0.63–1.41)

0.774

Number of biopsy cores

0.48 (0.30–0.76)*

0.002*

0.59 (0.36–0.97)*

0.038*

0.71 (0.47–1.08)

0.111

Number of positive biopsy cores

0.56 (0.35–0.87)*

0.011*

0.69 (0.42–1.11)

0.121

0.71 (0.47–1.09)

0.115

Positive biopsy core ratio

0.96 (0.64–1.44)

0.858

1.03 (0.66–1.63)

0.881

0.91 (0.61–1.37)

0.649

Biopsy GG 1

0.14 (0.06–0.32)*

<0.001*