Figure 1

The solitary and interaction effects of CH and IR on (A) relative water content (RWC), (B) proline, (C) carbohydrate, and (D) total chlorophyll at two seasons of 2021/2022. Vertical bars represent ± standard error (SE) of the means. Different letters in the bars indicate significant differences between treatments at P ≤ 0.05 level by the Tukey’s test. Abbreviations: Control (tap water applications); CH (foliar chitosan applications at a rate of 500 mg L−1); IR100% (100% of the irrigation water requirements- represent alkali condition); IR 70% (70% of the irrigation water requirements- represent mixed drought-alkali conditions).