Table 4 Factors associated with early PEG insertion in multiple linear regression analysis (n = 188).

	B	SE	β	t	p	VIF
Age at diagnosis	− 0.681	0.107	− 0.337	− 6.381	< 0.001	1.226
Bulbar Onset	− 5.795	2.243	− 0.134	− 2.584	0.011	1.181
Time from symptom onset to diagnosis	1.229	0.134	0.603	9.216	< .001	1.886
BMI at diagnosis	− 0.125	0.322	− 0.019	− 0.387	0.699	1.084
ALSFRS-R at diagnosis	0.535	0.248	0.138	2.157	0.032	1.787
Weight loss at severe dysphagia	0.189	0.109	0.093	1.730	0.085	1.281
Rate of decline
From onset to diagnosis^a	0.178	1.293	0.009	0.138	0.891	1.859
From diagnosis to weight loss 10%^b	− 1.924	1.102	− 0.109	− 1.746	0.083	1.726
From diagnosis to swallowing F2^c	− 3.915	1.234	− 0.199	− 3.171	0.002	1.733

B, unstandardized regression coefficient; SE, standard error; β, standardized regression coefficient; VIF, variance inflation factor, PEG, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy; BMI, body mass index; ALSFRS-R, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale-revised; swallowing F2:the timepoint when the patients get 2 points on ALSFRS-R question 3.
^aRate of decline from onset to diagnosis was calculated using the following formula: Rate of decline = (48—ALSFRS-R score at the time of diagnosis)/duration from symptom onset to the time of diagnosis (months). ^bRate of decline from diagnosis to weight loss 10% was calculated using the following formula: Rate of decline = (ALSFRS-R score at the time of diagnosis—ALSFRS-R score at the time of 10% weight loss)/duration from diagnosis to the time of the 10% weight loss (months). ^cRate of decline from diagnosis to swallowing F2 was calculated using the following formula: Rate of decline = (ALSFRS-R score at the time of swallowing F2—ALSFRS-R score at the time of PEG)/duration from swallowing F2 to the time of PEG (months).

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