Table 6 An evaluation of the accuracy of z (t) using NDsolve and ANN-PSO-NNA for case 1, with \({\varvec{\sigma}}\) = 0.1, R = 0.2 and B = 0.3.
t | \({x(t)}_{Numerical}\) | \({\widehat{x}(t)}_{ANN}\) | \({AE(z(t))}_{ANN}\) |
|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0 | − 4.85E−06 | 4.8524E−06 |
0.1 | 0.000446736 | 0.000476715 | 2.99791E−05 |
0.2 | 0.001598645 | 0.001635725 | 3.70799E−05 |
0.3 | 0.003222261 | 0.003233088 | 1.08268E−05 |
0.4 | 0.0051386 | 0.005132109 | 6.49118E−06 |
0.5 | 0.007211748 | 0.007215832 | 4.08402E−06 |
0.6 | 0.009340018 | 0.009372364 | 3.2346E−05 |
0.7 | 0.011448536 | 0.011502689 | 5.41535E−05 |
0.8 | 0.013483495 | 0.013534246 | 5.07514E−05 |
0.9 | 0.015407483 | 0.015433005 | 2.55217E−05 |
1 | 0.017195735 | 0.017209134 | 1.33988E−05 |
