Table 3 The inhibitory effect of isolated Lactobacillus strains against pathogens.

Pathogens	Diameter of inhibition zone (mm)
Pathogens	C5	C28	M45	Y33	Con
S. sanguinis	0.0 ± 0.0^b	0.0 ± 0.0^a	0.0 ± 0.0^a	15.7 ± 0.3^a	0.0 ± 0.0^b
S. salivarius	0.0 ± 0.0^b	0.0 ± 0.0^a	0.0 ± 0.0^a	16.5 ± 0.2^a	0.0 ± 0.0^b
S. sobrinus	0.0 ± 0.0^b	0.0 ± 0.0^a	0.0 ± 0.0^a	15.7 ± 0.2^a	0.0 ± 0.0^b
Y. enterocolitica	0.0 ± 0.0^b	0.0 ± 0.0^a	0.0 ± 0.0^a	15.2 ± 0.5^a	0.0 ± 0.0^b
S. mutans	0.0 ± 0.0^b	0.0 ± 0.0^a	0.0 ± 0.0^a	14.2 ± 0.3^a	0.0 ± 0.0^b
P. aeruginosa	0.0 ± 0.0^b	0.0 ± 0.0^a	0.0 ± 0.0^a	16.5 ± 0.4^a	0.0 ± 0.0^b
S. aureus	8.2 ± 0.4^a	0.0 ± 0.0^a	0.0 ± 0.0^a	15.5 ± 0.2^a	13.4 ± 0.3^a
B. subtilis	0.0 ± 0.0^b	0.0 ± 0.0^a	0.0 ± 0.0^aa	14.6 ± 0.2^a	11.4 ± 0.2^a
L. monocytogenes	0.0 ± 0.0^b	0.0 ± 0.0^a	0.0 ± 0.0^a	14.7 ± 0.1^a	9.2 ± 0.3^a
K. pneumoniae	6.3 ± 0.7^a	0.0 ± 0.0^a	0.0 ± 0.0^a	16.7 ± 0.3^a	0.0 ± 0.0^b
S. flexneri	0.0 ± 0.0^b	0.0 ± 0.0^a	0.0 ± 0.0^a	15.8 ± 0.1^a	0.0 ± 0.0^b

ATCC: American Type Culture Collection, Virginia, USA. PTCC: Persian Type Culture Collection, Tehran, Iran. Streptococcus sanguinis PTCC 1449, Streptococcus salivarius PTCC 1448, Streptococcus sobrinus PTCC 1601, Yersinia enterocolitica ATCC 23715, Streptococcus mutans PTCC 1683, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PTCC 1181, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 19652, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 13932, Klebsiella pneumoniae PTCC 1053, and Shigella flexneri PTCC 1234.
*Values are mean ± standard error of triplicates. ^a–dMeans in the same row with different lowercase letters differed significantly (P < 0.05). Con: Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei PTCC 1608.

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