Figure 3

Effects of C. demersum crude ethanolic extract on SW480 cells measured with the annexin-V/propidium iodide (PI) assay. (a) Untreated control cells; (b–e) cells treated with 10 μg/ml, 20 μg/ml, 40 μg/ml, and 100 μg/ml of C. demersum crude extract for 24 h. Live cells (annexin-V-negative and PI negative) are shown in the lower left quadrant, early apoptotic cells (annexin-V-positive and PI-negative) in the lower right quadrant, late apoptotic in the upper right quadrant, and necrotic cells (annexin-V-positive and PI-positive) in the upper left quadrant.