Table 1 Measured values of the base fluid and nanoparticles in the experiment54,55,56.
Properties | \(\rho \left[ {\text{J/kg K}} \right]\) | \(C_{p} \left[ {{\text{kg/m}}^{3} } \right]\) | \(k\left[ {\text{W/m K}} \right]\) | \(\sigma \left[ {\text{S/m}} \right]\) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
\(H_{2} O\) | 997.1 | 4179 | 0.613 | 5.5 × 10–6 |
\(TiO_{2}\) | 4250 | 686.2 | 8.9538 | 2.38 × 106 |
\(Cu\) | 8933 | 385 | 400 | 1163.10 × 107 |
\(Al_{2} O_{3}\) | 3970 | 765 | 46 | 131.70 × 107 |
