Table 1 Results from SLOUCH models where our measure of flight investment (relative wing area, i.e., residuals from a linear model where body length was regressed on wing area), body length and absolute wing area was regressed on mechanosensor response variables. Here, one outlier species (Dactylipalpus sp.) was removed from the analysis. Abbreviations: MS—mechanosensors, WA—wing area. The model parameter values correspond to SLOUCH models where phylogenetic inertia has been controlled for, i.e., the optimal regressions.

Response	Predictor	n	Intercept only	Phylogenetic half life	Stationary variance	R²	AICc	δAICc*
Total number of MS on elytra	Relative WA	27	0.000	0.000	352	0.01	245	2.63
	Body length	27		0.000	250	0.29	236	− 6.62
	Absolute WA	27		0.000	251	0.29	236	− 6.54
Lehr's field area on elytra	Relative WA	27	0.003	0.214	0	0.53	472	3.07***
	Body length	27		0.004	4.E + 05	0.76	433	− 35.83
	Absolute WA	27		0.034	0	0.84	428	− 41.42***
Total number of MS on hind wings	Relative WA	27	0.141	171	2.E + 06	0.21	333	− 0.71**
	Body length	27		113	4.E + 05	0.47	321	− 13.04**
	Absolute WA	27		0.025	6112	0.42	323	− 11.11

*AICc values from SLOUCH models with relative wing size compared to null models. δAICc values < − 2 are considered significant. **Models with uncertain estimation (no clearly defined likelihood peak) of half life and stationary variance. ***Models with uncertain estimation (no clearly defined likelihood peak) of stationary variance.

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