Table 1 Statistical results of the semantic differential scores for the conditions with and without ultrasonic components (†: p < 0.1, *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01). The effect size was calculated using Cohen’s d.
From: Subjective effects of broadband water sounds with inaudible high-frequency components
Auditory conditions | WF_66_** | WF_76_** | ST_66_** | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Domain | Mean ± SD (20 k vs. 96 k) | p-value | d | Sign. | Mean ± SD (20 k vs. 96 k) | p-value | d | Sign. | Mean ± SD (20 k vs. 96 k) | p-value | d | Sign. | ||
Beautiful | – | Dirty | 4.2 ± 1.3 < 5.1 ± 0.7 | 0.02 | 0.89 | * | 3.7 ± 1.6 < 4.8 ± 1.1 | 0.003 | 0.82 | ** | – | |||
Clear | – | Dull | 3.9 ± 1.3 < 4.6 ± 0.94 | 0.07 | 0.70 | † | 4.2 ± 1.6 < 4.9 ± 1.6 | 0.05 | 0.31 | * | 4.9 ± 0.98 < 5.4 ± 0.9 | 0.09 | 0.53 | † |
Comfortable | – | Uncomfortable | – | 3.7 ± 1.6 < 4.3 ± 1.5 | 0.08 | 0.31 | † | – | ||||||
Smooth | - | Rough | – | – | – | |||||||||
Moist | – | Dry | – | – | 6.0 ± 0.89 < 6.4 ± 0.66 | 0.04 | 0.51 | * | ||||||
Calm | – | Loud | 3.7 ± 1.2 < 4.2 ± 1.3 | 0.05 | 0.40 | * | – | – | ||||||
Bright | – | Dark | – | – | – | |||||||||
High-pitched | – | Low-pitched | – | – | – | |||||||||
Sentimental | – | Unsentimental | – | – | – | |||||||||
Powerful | – | Powerless | – | – | 4.1 ± 1.2 < 4.7 ± 0.90 | 0.05 | 0.56 | * | ||||||
Noisy | – | Quiet | 4.3 ± 0.9 > 3.8 ± 0.98 | 0.10 | 0.53 | † | 5.1 ± 1.1 > 4.5 ± 1.1 | 0.02 | 0.53 | * | - | |||
Rich | – | Poor | – | – | – | |||||||||
Small | – | Large | – | – | – | |||||||||
Soft | – | Hard | – | - | – | |||||||||
Metallic | – | Not metallic | – | – | – | |||||||||
