Figure 2
From: Ketotifen directly modifies the fibrotic response of human skin fibroblasts
Ketotifen treatment reduced αSMA fibres in TGFβ1-activated fibroblasts. HDFa cells were cultured on poly-d-lysine-coated coverslips and treated for 48 h with media, 10 μM or 25 μM ketotifen, 10 ng/mL TGFβ1, or 10 ng/mL TGFβ1 with ketotifen added during the final 24 h. (A) Representative images of immunofluorescence staining (200X total magnification) probing for αSMA and DAPI are shown on the different groups of HDFa cells. (B) Quantification of αSMA+ staining (green) was plotted per DAPI+ cell (blue). Measurements for each biological replicate were averaged from five microscopic fields of view. Data shown as mean ± SEM. n = 3 per treatment condition. **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001. αSMA, alpha-smooth muscle actin, DAPI, 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, HDFa human dermal fibroblasts (adult), SEM standard error of the mean, TGFβ1 transforming growth factor-beta 1.
