Table 2 Gemini nonionic surfactants surface and thermodynamic characteristics.

From: Synthesis, surface activity, and corrosion inhibition capabilities of new non-ionic gemini surfactants

Surfactant

CMC × 10−3 (M)

γc (mN m−1)

πcmc (mN m−1)

Γmax (mol cm−2)

Amin (nm2)

ΔGmic (kJ mol−1)

ΔGads (kJ mol−1)

GSC12

0.0912 ± 0.0004

28

44

4.5

0.369

− 22.56

− 23.57

GSC16

0.0746 ± 0.0004

31

41

4.7

0.353

− 23.05

− 23.95

GSC18

0.0381 ± 0.0003

34

38

4.8

0.345

− 24.68

− 25.50

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