Table 1 Comparison between groups in the variables assessed.

From: Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) paradigm type affects its sensitivity as a biomarker of fibromyalgia

 

FM patients mean (SD)

Healthy controls mean (SD)

Man-ehitney-U Z score

Sig

BDI

15.52 (± 6.74)

4.22 (± 6.05)

− 4.889

p < 0.001

FIQ-R

47.71 (± 24.14)

5.95 (± 5.17)

− 5.636

p < 0.001

SSS

7.57 (± 1.97)

2.87 (± 1.46)

− 5.621

p < 0.001

WPI

9.26 (4.63)

2.35 (± 1.64)

− 4.816

p < 0.001

SF-36

48.07 (± 15.37)

75.73 (± 9.06)

− 5.042

p < 0.001

Intensity of fatigue -previous week (VAS)

6.7 (± 1.94)

2.26 (± 1.42)

− 5.310

p < 0.001

Intensity of numbness-previous week (VAS)

6.22 (± 3.72)

0.35 (± 0.57)

− 5.150

p < 0.001

Intensity of pain-previous week (VAS)

5.43 (± 2.84)

1.87 (± 1.01)

− 4.344

p < 0.001

Intensity of pain-previous month (VAS)

5.65 (± 2.69)

2.22 (± 1.09)

− 4.413

p < 0.001

PPT (Kgf/cm2)

1.27 (± 0.68)

1.27 (± 0.26)

− 0.616

p = 0.538

Sequential CPM (Kgf/cm2)

− 0.004 (± 0.41)

0.039 (± 0.31)

− 0.155

p = 0.877

Parallel CPM (Kgf/cm2)

0.3 (± 0.56)

0.87 (± 0.63)

− 2.874

p = 0.004

  1. BDI Beck depression inventory, FIQ-R Fibromyalgia impact questionnaire -revised; SSS Symptom severity scale, WPI Widespread pain index, SF36: Short form health survey, VAS Visual analogue scale, PPT Pressure pain threshold, measured in kgf/cm2.
  2. CPM Conditioned Pain Modulation (subtraction of mean PPT to TS after(sequential)/during (parallel) the presentation of the CS minus the mean PPT to TS before CS. Smaller CPM indices are indicative of less efficient pain modulation mechanisms).
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