Table 2 The mathematical formulas regarding the considered power grid blocks.

From: Frequency regulation in a hybrid renewable power grid: an effective strategy utilizing load frequency control and redox flow batteries

Description of A block

Formulation of transfer functions

Power system a

\(\frac{{K}_{psa}}{{T}_{psa}\cdot {\text{s}}+1}\)

Power system b

\(\frac{{K}_{psb}}{{T}_{psb}\cdot {\text{s}}+1}\)

Hydro turbine

\(\frac{-{T}_{w}\cdot {\text{s}}+1}{(0.5{).T}_{w}\cdot {\text{s}}+1}\)

Transient droop compensation

\(\frac{{T}_{rs}\cdot {\text{s}}+1}{{T}_{rh}\cdot {\text{s}}+1}\)

Hydro governor

\(\frac{1}{{T}_{gh}\cdot {\text{s}}+1}\)

Reheater of thermal turbine

\(\frac{{K}_{r}\cdot {T}_{r}\cdot {\text{s}}+1}{{T}_{r}\cdot {\text{s}}+1}\)

Thermal governor

\(\frac{1}{{T}_{sg}.{\text{s}}+1}\)

Thermal turbine

\(\frac{1}{{T}_{t}.{\text{s}}+1}\)

Gas turbine's speed governor

\(\frac{{x}_{c}\cdot {\text{s}}+1}{{Y}_{c}\cdot {\text{s}}+1}\)

Gas turbine dynamics

\(\frac{1}{{T}_{cd}\cdot {\text{s}}+1}\)

Gas turbine's valve positioner

\(\frac{1}{{b}_{g}\cdot {\text{s}}+{c}_{g}}\)

Fuel system and combustor

\(\frac{{T}_{cr}\cdot {\text{s}}+1}{{T}_{fc}\cdot {\text{s}}+1}\)

Synchronizing coefficient

\(\frac{{(2.pi.T}_{ab})}{{\text{s}}}\)

Wind farm

\(\frac{{K}_{Wind}}{{T}_{Wind}.{\text{s}}+1}\)

PV Power plant

\(\frac{{K}_{PV}}{{T}_{PV}.{\text{s}}+1}\)