Table 3 FO performance of the present work and previous studies.

From: Synthesis and characterization of an innovative sodium alginate/polyvinyl alcohol bioartificial hydrogel for forward-osmosis desalination

Hydrogel

Average particle size (µm)

Membrane

Temperature (°C)

FS concentration (ppm)

Water flux (LMH)

Reference

PNIPAm-INP-PVA

100

CTA

25

2000 (NaCl)

0.12 (1 h)

64

SA/PVA (present work)

60

CTA

40

Distilled water

0.845 (1 h)

 

250

0.399 (1 h)

500

0.359 (1 h)

750

0.279 (1 h)

1000

0.129 (1 h)